{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:X2MXU2VR2SSVYRLYKCU2KCFU7Q","short_pith_number":"pith:X2MXU2VR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2501.16687","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2025-01-28T03:49:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1e47e552acb972f521870e3ca7863747c465281d60910e7b20272edcf1a9bc7f","abstract_canon_sha256":"e18bdeeb09796ccca1430b2a614b0d1beb193e19897d5a784896aac3de94d304"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"be997a6ab1d4a55c457850a9a508b4fc0c01339e0492eed63a882649268e884d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2501.16687","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2501.16687","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2501.16687v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2501.16687","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X2MXU2VR2SSV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X2MXU2VR2SSVYRLY","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X2MXU2VR","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:X2MXU2VR2SSVYRLYKCU2KCFU7Q","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2501.16687","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2025-01-28T03:49:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1e47e552acb972f521870e3ca7863747c465281d60910e7b20272edcf1a9bc7f","abstract_canon_sha256":"e18bdeeb09796ccca1430b2a614b0d1beb193e19897d5a784896aac3de94d304"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"be997a6ab1d4a55c457850a9a508b4fc0c01339e0492eed63a882649268e884d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17.170782Z","signature_b64":"IUGrxlF9ctHi+23difyKHT8mp5Mkm6fqBACY2H0AVYtvPuBKkYqlCH6jboAOEdjDO3/hgrPRhcqtnGKD1ez9AA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"be997a6ab1d4a55c457850a9a508b4fc0c01339e0492eed63a882649268e884d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17.170300Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17.170300Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2501.16687","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"R3Twui3EirTfxg5+G9RwC4G32jV3tGTZjuFD7GbDDaiiwa5oFyD0HrYCEjM8lxsjfaIYFUImKGDNy+kxq6h1DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T21:50:25.401660Z"},"content_sha256":"ab3c173822af441ee6d8c53404a6981eda5ae44c591e5ee4be5f75c7126349c8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ab3c173822af441ee6d8c53404a6981eda5ae44c591e5ee4be5f75c7126349c8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:X2MXU2VR2SSVYRLYKCU2KCFU7Q","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Optical Skyrmions of Vortex Darkness","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Deepak K. Sharma, Miguel A. Porras, Nilo Mata-Cervera, Ramon Paniagua-Dominguez, Yijie Shen","submitted_at":"2025-01-28T03:49:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"We disclose the existence of a type of optical skyrmion, Gauss-Stokes (GS) skyrmions, that is naturally present in an optical vortex around its phase singularity. Contrary to previous research with optical skyrmions, we neither shape vector beams nor superpose different spatial modes and polarizations. In GS skyrmions, the phase singularity in the transversal field of a single monochromatic beam of uniform polarization (a scalar beam) is concealed by the axial field dictated by Gauss's divergence law, giving rise to a polarization singularity of undefined polarization plane. This singularity i"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2501.16687","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2501.16687/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YCa75Y9ko0wnmVokoCF3vCHyEE+PFMdHXQkY00TWC9vdd1Dre/twYE66GqvufljjqddtyJcaJcu+zyOfZPoRAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T21:50:25.402415Z"},"content_sha256":"98edc1a0726734584254d2764e2b5925bddd67643901787f836862a60fefc330","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:98edc1a0726734584254d2764e2b5925bddd67643901787f836862a60fefc330"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X2MXU2VR2SSVYRLYKCU2KCFU7Q/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X2MXU2VR2SSVYRLYKCU2KCFU7Q/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X2MXU2VR2SSVYRLYKCU2KCFU7Q/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-11T21:50:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/X2MXU2VR2SSVYRLYKCU2KCFU7Q","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/X2MXU2VR2SSVYRLYKCU2KCFU7Q/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/X2MXU2VR2SSVYRLYKCU2KCFU7Q/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X2MXU2VR2SSVYRLYKCU2KCFU7Q/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:X2MXU2VR2SSVYRLYKCU2KCFU7Q","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e18bdeeb09796ccca1430b2a614b0d1beb193e19897d5a784896aac3de94d304","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2025-01-28T03:49:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"1e47e552acb972f521870e3ca7863747c465281d60910e7b20272edcf1a9bc7f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2501.16687","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2501.16687","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2501.16687v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2501.16687","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X2MXU2VR2SSV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X2MXU2VR2SSVYRLY","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X2MXU2VR","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:98edc1a0726734584254d2764e2b5925bddd67643901787f836862a60fefc330","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2501.16687/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We disclose the existence of a type of optical skyrmion, Gauss-Stokes (GS) skyrmions, that is naturally present in an optical vortex around its phase singularity. Contrary to previous research with optical skyrmions, we neither shape vector beams nor superpose different spatial modes and polarizations. In GS skyrmions, the phase singularity in the transversal field of a single monochromatic beam of uniform polarization (a scalar beam) is concealed by the axial field dictated by Gauss's divergence law, giving rise to a polarization singularity of undefined polarization plane. This singularity i","authors_text":"Deepak K. Sharma, Miguel A. Porras, Nilo Mata-Cervera, Ramon Paniagua-Dominguez, Yijie Shen","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2025-01-28T03:49:56Z","title":"Optical Skyrmions of Vortex Darkness"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2501.16687","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ab3c173822af441ee6d8c53404a6981eda5ae44c591e5ee4be5f75c7126349c8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e18bdeeb09796ccca1430b2a614b0d1beb193e19897d5a784896aac3de94d304","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2025-01-28T03:49:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"1e47e552acb972f521870e3ca7863747c465281d60910e7b20272edcf1a9bc7f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2501.16687","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"be997a6ab1d4a55c457850a9a508b4fc0c01339e0492eed63a882649268e884d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"be997a6ab1d4a55c457850a9a508b4fc0c01339e0492eed63a882649268e884d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17.170300Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17.170300Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"IUGrxlF9ctHi+23difyKHT8mp5Mkm6fqBACY2H0AVYtvPuBKkYqlCH6jboAOEdjDO3/hgrPRhcqtnGKD1ez9AA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:06:17.170782Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2501.16687","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ab3c173822af441ee6d8c53404a6981eda5ae44c591e5ee4be5f75c7126349c8","sha256:98edc1a0726734584254d2764e2b5925bddd67643901787f836862a60fefc330"],"state_sha256":"18fa38e2ed6af50c3f475a01a5eeef2fa631ec2a91c1eea35c1685e7e8002cce"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qI1s1I8trCAu8OsOe3rMYmXR/SS462zxI1AL3Z9uO7aJ3YWRLPeghh7UNbj+rmAplhGzC+/UxheI7ZJhH2bzCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T21:50:25.406200Z","bundle_sha256":"f18be4e595a74e0ba7632b2ec23d7a38db47312785bb481927d159f2f56bb156"}}