{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:X2WYMNSBWT7GP4RGEJ5YCEWGR4","short_pith_number":"pith:X2WYMNSB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2106.00788","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2021-06-01T20:42:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["econ.EM","econ.GN","q-fin.EC","stat.AP"],"title_canon_sha256":"cdf604d8a4ff4a46d982d13eecc04d8089e3cb1b389ebf4a1bac547ddb072c87","abstract_canon_sha256":"bec8e61d801e59598bf9c96675ad275af3e2f0cc7e0761a170d3003ce9a8f3bd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bead863641b4fe67f226227b8112c68f357039217b43ad30dc17c55d2054051b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2106.00788","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2106.00788","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2106.00788v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2106.00788","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X2WYMNSBWT7G","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X2WYMNSBWT7GP4RG","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X2WYMNSB","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:X2WYMNSBWT7GP4RGEJ5YCEWGR4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2106.00788","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2021-06-01T20:42:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["econ.EM","econ.GN","q-fin.EC","stat.AP"],"title_canon_sha256":"cdf604d8a4ff4a46d982d13eecc04d8089e3cb1b389ebf4a1bac547ddb072c87","abstract_canon_sha256":"bec8e61d801e59598bf9c96675ad275af3e2f0cc7e0761a170d3003ce9a8f3bd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bead863641b4fe67f226227b8112c68f357039217b43ad30dc17c55d2054051b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39.873337Z","signature_b64":"7hYEOkmXr5H4LJEwSIJglfHwwwdA5jhnRqeBX/MKTTa6jCwSaZRR5V/jb6ea04zIGN7Wch3+mgQqCqRQUBRWAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bead863641b4fe67f226227b8112c68f357039217b43ad30dc17c55d2054051b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39.872944Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39.872944Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2106.00788","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HS6RojW9MO/P7DZZkP0CaMlhVk8JGj5O8tqwRb8thr/WShyJDK1DMEfoFxjcRzRrcCOxYzNbSdSCH9Ty7fKIBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T11:49:43.986047Z"},"content_sha256":"a56954e8ce0a9d87f8b1590cba9c4522b4b7fd0791af2780bb5860e3b9416ef1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a56954e8ce0a9d87f8b1590cba9c4522b4b7fd0791af2780bb5860e3b9416ef1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:X2WYMNSBWT7GP4RGEJ5YCEWGR4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Retrospective causal inference via matrix completion, with an evaluation of the effect of European integration on cross-border employment","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["econ.EM","econ.GN","q-fin.EC","stat.AP"],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Andrea Albanese, Andrea Mercatanti, Fan Li, Jason Poulos","submitted_at":"2021-06-01T20:42:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose a method of retrospective counterfactual imputation in panel data settings with later-treated and always-treated units, but no never-treated units. We use the observed outcomes to impute the counterfactual outcomes of the later-treated using a matrix completion estimator. We propose a novel propensity-score and elapsed-time weighting of the estimator's objective function to correct for differences in the observed covariate and unobserved fixed effects distributions, and elapsed time since treatment between groups. Our methodology is motivated by studying the effect of two milestones"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2106.00788","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2106.00788/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tG3AjhEpO9NAtmSmrSsSp6p51plHQu/yyyCH89++0eb4SJr7i5h11xQ72Kdwgkt0RCwNpc8LwksjE5n54S75Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T11:49:43.986672Z"},"content_sha256":"d8ed4ace3b40125d9e069b8fd6c3aa9c14700874acaa8aff530a7090f9f1fbfa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d8ed4ace3b40125d9e069b8fd6c3aa9c14700874acaa8aff530a7090f9f1fbfa"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X2WYMNSBWT7GP4RGEJ5YCEWGR4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X2WYMNSBWT7GP4RGEJ5YCEWGR4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X2WYMNSBWT7GP4RGEJ5YCEWGR4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-12T11:49:43Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/X2WYMNSBWT7GP4RGEJ5YCEWGR4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/X2WYMNSBWT7GP4RGEJ5YCEWGR4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/X2WYMNSBWT7GP4RGEJ5YCEWGR4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X2WYMNSBWT7GP4RGEJ5YCEWGR4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:X2WYMNSBWT7GP4RGEJ5YCEWGR4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bec8e61d801e59598bf9c96675ad275af3e2f0cc7e0761a170d3003ce9a8f3bd","cross_cats_sorted":["econ.EM","econ.GN","q-fin.EC","stat.AP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2021-06-01T20:42:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"cdf604d8a4ff4a46d982d13eecc04d8089e3cb1b389ebf4a1bac547ddb072c87"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2106.00788","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2106.00788","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2106.00788v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2106.00788","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X2WYMNSBWT7G","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X2WYMNSBWT7GP4RG","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X2WYMNSB","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d8ed4ace3b40125d9e069b8fd6c3aa9c14700874acaa8aff530a7090f9f1fbfa","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2106.00788/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose a method of retrospective counterfactual imputation in panel data settings with later-treated and always-treated units, but no never-treated units. We use the observed outcomes to impute the counterfactual outcomes of the later-treated using a matrix completion estimator. We propose a novel propensity-score and elapsed-time weighting of the estimator's objective function to correct for differences in the observed covariate and unobserved fixed effects distributions, and elapsed time since treatment between groups. Our methodology is motivated by studying the effect of two milestones","authors_text":"Andrea Albanese, Andrea Mercatanti, Fan Li, Jason Poulos","cross_cats":["econ.EM","econ.GN","q-fin.EC","stat.AP"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2021-06-01T20:42:55Z","title":"Retrospective causal inference via matrix completion, with an evaluation of the effect of European integration on cross-border employment"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2106.00788","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a56954e8ce0a9d87f8b1590cba9c4522b4b7fd0791af2780bb5860e3b9416ef1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bec8e61d801e59598bf9c96675ad275af3e2f0cc7e0761a170d3003ce9a8f3bd","cross_cats_sorted":["econ.EM","econ.GN","q-fin.EC","stat.AP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2021-06-01T20:42:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"cdf604d8a4ff4a46d982d13eecc04d8089e3cb1b389ebf4a1bac547ddb072c87"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2106.00788","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"bead863641b4fe67f226227b8112c68f357039217b43ad30dc17c55d2054051b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bead863641b4fe67f226227b8112c68f357039217b43ad30dc17c55d2054051b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39.872944Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39.872944Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7hYEOkmXr5H4LJEwSIJglfHwwwdA5jhnRqeBX/MKTTa6jCwSaZRR5V/jb6ea04zIGN7Wch3+mgQqCqRQUBRWAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:39.873337Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2106.00788","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a56954e8ce0a9d87f8b1590cba9c4522b4b7fd0791af2780bb5860e3b9416ef1","sha256:d8ed4ace3b40125d9e069b8fd6c3aa9c14700874acaa8aff530a7090f9f1fbfa"],"state_sha256":"9e7d8b5553d3d149764e2b6c1d73ecadb3121dce51826b8b31b2dcc19535ed0c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Bf0cR3fJfyjQayHsc6/RM2ybHcJu4Iiwdm/0vUYzYsGmELqfTincSWjjMD9N4pwudZlIgp5janU5dIspJ+VXCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T11:49:43.992191Z","bundle_sha256":"2002b0b6e7d28b91fc6802dbfc014121ec23aa80a11ea528455bddce8321d33f"}}