{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:X2XRPCFXDYIOVM6MQTUEQHOGH4","short_pith_number":"pith:X2XRPCFX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2307.12267","kind":"arxiv","version":6},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-07-23T08:47:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"fb7ce6f46877bbbac959e3dfcf36f48d753eeea3303d88ebbf7141f17dec6b24","abstract_canon_sha256":"ccd643dc58776c0ca374ff7ce2cd9f6742533496c64814f2f048cd62074597f4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"beaf1788b71e10eab3cc84e8481dc63f0e50b4b7d4acde5e780218eaa9c1aa4e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2307.12267","version":6},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2307.12267","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2307.12267v6","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2307.12267","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X2XRPCFXDYIO","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X2XRPCFXDYIOVM6M","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X2XRPCFX","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:X2XRPCFXDYIOVM6MQTUEQHOGH4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2307.12267","kind":"arxiv","version":6},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-07-23T08:47:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"fb7ce6f46877bbbac959e3dfcf36f48d753eeea3303d88ebbf7141f17dec6b24","abstract_canon_sha256":"ccd643dc58776c0ca374ff7ce2cd9f6742533496c64814f2f048cd62074597f4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"beaf1788b71e10eab3cc84e8481dc63f0e50b4b7d4acde5e780218eaa9c1aa4e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48.723218Z","signature_b64":"tpI7PdkMXQdBWc/H6MLTf4BOkvZoTufHJ1t+EBdahWJLBAIfYtNNrrixKKXw3D/IMD8GAAQvdkfm2q+kQ4w5AA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"beaf1788b71e10eab3cc84e8481dc63f0e50b4b7d4acde5e780218eaa9c1aa4e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48.722620Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48.722620Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2307.12267","source_version":6,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ABESLm5vHttSb0av3oqubgeFWCVlggTSMyAfryN6OxH9bZLQAbiJ1lWVgGhx9/O0vIgOn+/G+zuN3OeHyCh7DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T14:48:08.653362Z"},"content_sha256":"e116f903d25d07516589825a0522529cd679de6f65f1d0315b08e87edf44fbce","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e116f903d25d07516589825a0522529cd679de6f65f1d0315b08e87edf44fbce"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:X2XRPCFXDYIOVM6MQTUEQHOGH4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Towards Automatic Boundary Detection for Human-AI Collaborative Hybrid Essay in Education","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Dragan Ga\\v{s}evi\\'c, Guanliang Chen, Kaixun Yang, Lele Sha, Yuheng Li, Zijie Zeng","submitted_at":"2023-07-23T08:47:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"The recent large language models (LLMs), e.g., ChatGPT, have been able to generate human-like and fluent responses when provided with specific instructions. While admitting the convenience brought by technological advancement, educators also have concerns that students might leverage LLMs to complete their writing assignments and pass them off as their original work. Although many AI content detection studies have been conducted as a result of such concerns, most of these prior studies modeled AI content detection as a classification problem, assuming that a text is either entirely human-writt"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2307.12267","kind":"arxiv","version":6},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2307.12267/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Lzo/8duuR0nPcGmydNkYMxWI7Iu+yPaiS2fdfoqdIXwKq9ruTjMin4oetPJML0C1HDL34GczqyHSWxSajts0BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T14:48:08.654256Z"},"content_sha256":"43caae08ed106da6391798c4ff1d25600f84d6434a55be7f657cd39836913342","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:43caae08ed106da6391798c4ff1d25600f84d6434a55be7f657cd39836913342"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X2XRPCFXDYIOVM6MQTUEQHOGH4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X2XRPCFXDYIOVM6MQTUEQHOGH4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X2XRPCFXDYIOVM6MQTUEQHOGH4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-19T14:48:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/X2XRPCFXDYIOVM6MQTUEQHOGH4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/X2XRPCFXDYIOVM6MQTUEQHOGH4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/X2XRPCFXDYIOVM6MQTUEQHOGH4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X2XRPCFXDYIOVM6MQTUEQHOGH4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:X2XRPCFXDYIOVM6MQTUEQHOGH4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ccd643dc58776c0ca374ff7ce2cd9f6742533496c64814f2f048cd62074597f4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-07-23T08:47:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"fb7ce6f46877bbbac959e3dfcf36f48d753eeea3303d88ebbf7141f17dec6b24"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2307.12267","kind":"arxiv","version":6}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2307.12267","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2307.12267v6","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2307.12267","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X2XRPCFXDYIO","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X2XRPCFXDYIOVM6M","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X2XRPCFX","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:43caae08ed106da6391798c4ff1d25600f84d6434a55be7f657cd39836913342","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2307.12267/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The recent large language models (LLMs), e.g., ChatGPT, have been able to generate human-like and fluent responses when provided with specific instructions. While admitting the convenience brought by technological advancement, educators also have concerns that students might leverage LLMs to complete their writing assignments and pass them off as their original work. Although many AI content detection studies have been conducted as a result of such concerns, most of these prior studies modeled AI content detection as a classification problem, assuming that a text is either entirely human-writt","authors_text":"Dragan Ga\\v{s}evi\\'c, Guanliang Chen, Kaixun Yang, Lele Sha, Yuheng Li, Zijie Zeng","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-07-23T08:47:51Z","title":"Towards Automatic Boundary Detection for Human-AI Collaborative Hybrid Essay in Education"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2307.12267","kind":"arxiv","version":6},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e116f903d25d07516589825a0522529cd679de6f65f1d0315b08e87edf44fbce","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ccd643dc58776c0ca374ff7ce2cd9f6742533496c64814f2f048cd62074597f4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-07-23T08:47:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"fb7ce6f46877bbbac959e3dfcf36f48d753eeea3303d88ebbf7141f17dec6b24"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2307.12267","kind":"arxiv","version":6}},"canonical_sha256":"beaf1788b71e10eab3cc84e8481dc63f0e50b4b7d4acde5e780218eaa9c1aa4e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"beaf1788b71e10eab3cc84e8481dc63f0e50b4b7d4acde5e780218eaa9c1aa4e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48.722620Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48.722620Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"tpI7PdkMXQdBWc/H6MLTf4BOkvZoTufHJ1t+EBdahWJLBAIfYtNNrrixKKXw3D/IMD8GAAQvdkfm2q+kQ4w5AA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:27:48.723218Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2307.12267","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":6}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e116f903d25d07516589825a0522529cd679de6f65f1d0315b08e87edf44fbce","sha256:43caae08ed106da6391798c4ff1d25600f84d6434a55be7f657cd39836913342"],"state_sha256":"78f02ca4fa4afac7f9a4681fe7b0af6e609254d5138a7802b431fa310c7a2d9b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1oSely+2YkTFAAF0i1K98a32AR8zEc0b4dKcnephXhSbxPfIanWa+PasaG9Mjvf/YK5iXZLITLuPnoR4xYfqAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T14:48:08.662080Z","bundle_sha256":"a35f53246cb00b97555b0270237cc71dff0e038c0df93cea891712619649ac97"}}