{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2004:X3GTR2QVST57WVOLZYIHTLI74T","short_pith_number":"pith:X3GTR2QV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0404540","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-04-27T18:37:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"237b0391c5890de98c3c7bc11004c75b04c818f01ac493a87e5cd9604cbb4c66","abstract_canon_sha256":"e97ab9d962f4edf09ab67f92675969e95f9779725a1e1e7a5c6c7bd88a695ad2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"becd38ea1594fbfb55cbce1079ad1fe4e3a125fd36adc2f898af117a0064c1fa","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0404540","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0404540","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0404540v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0404540","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X3GTR2QVST57","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X3GTR2QVST57WVOL","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X3GTR2QV","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2004:X3GTR2QVST57WVOLZYIHTLI74T","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0404540","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-04-27T18:37:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"237b0391c5890de98c3c7bc11004c75b04c818f01ac493a87e5cd9604cbb4c66","abstract_canon_sha256":"e97ab9d962f4edf09ab67f92675969e95f9779725a1e1e7a5c6c7bd88a695ad2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"becd38ea1594fbfb55cbce1079ad1fe4e3a125fd36adc2f898af117a0064c1fa","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13.969061Z","signature_b64":"Gv0FHxQLa6JZUH4Qs/O5Djr+C34/WTVX1nllBDUA1+ZVtTuZzYlePzHz3/GU5h8tAvh3UWU6hhqn+KJHWJCzAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"becd38ea1594fbfb55cbce1079ad1fe4e3a125fd36adc2f898af117a0064c1fa","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13.968667Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13.968667Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/0404540","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"D1JgyWSRKuwJ693pHVd7NlByvGRZ55F9Dhw8nFsrKlzS3tHelgZ24yWSL4/v+VR8+ZxqmJUprGVqTw19CNQMDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T03:54:23.904030Z"},"content_sha256":"3749d67d4dafae613026980410f99b2ce3f888fb38ff8a651474c31db809943f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3749d67d4dafae613026980410f99b2ce3f888fb38ff8a651474c31db809943f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2004:X3GTR2QVST57WVOLZYIHTLI74T","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Escaping the Big Rip?","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Jose A. Jimenez Madrid, Mariam Bouhmadi-Lopez","submitted_at":"2004-04-27T18:37:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"We discuss dark energy models which might describe effectively the actual acceleration of the universe. More precisely, for a 4-dimensional Friedmann-Lema\\^{\\i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe we consider two situations: First of them, we model dark energy by phantom energy described by a perfect fluid satisfying the equation of state $P=(\\beta-1)\\rho$ (with $\\beta<0$ and constant). In this case the universe reaches a ``Big Rip'' independently of the spatial geometry of the FLRW universe. In the second situation, the dark energy is described by a phantom (generalized) Chaplygin gas which v"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0404540","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0404540/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FW7XtGbqUXWhFyJRKOi6jAs7wNSXPfI9Rvm8BNUEQn7vhmcg5dAQ31PQKOQL6mq1E9MrffIyVQ1bRtgqa/YIAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T03:54:23.904415Z"},"content_sha256":"044218fb0c7bc8f1401f3cf1bbb96af782d878bb9fbc2de865bb6dab176a4ba2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:044218fb0c7bc8f1401f3cf1bbb96af782d878bb9fbc2de865bb6dab176a4ba2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X3GTR2QVST57WVOLZYIHTLI74T/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X3GTR2QVST57WVOLZYIHTLI74T/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X3GTR2QVST57WVOLZYIHTLI74T/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T03:54:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/X3GTR2QVST57WVOLZYIHTLI74T","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/X3GTR2QVST57WVOLZYIHTLI74T/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/X3GTR2QVST57WVOLZYIHTLI74T/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X3GTR2QVST57WVOLZYIHTLI74T/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2004:X3GTR2QVST57WVOLZYIHTLI74T","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e97ab9d962f4edf09ab67f92675969e95f9779725a1e1e7a5c6c7bd88a695ad2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-04-27T18:37:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"237b0391c5890de98c3c7bc11004c75b04c818f01ac493a87e5cd9604cbb4c66"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0404540","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0404540","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0404540v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0404540","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X3GTR2QVST57","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X3GTR2QVST57WVOL","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X3GTR2QV","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:044218fb0c7bc8f1401f3cf1bbb96af782d878bb9fbc2de865bb6dab176a4ba2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0404540/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We discuss dark energy models which might describe effectively the actual acceleration of the universe. More precisely, for a 4-dimensional Friedmann-Lema\\^{\\i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe we consider two situations: First of them, we model dark energy by phantom energy described by a perfect fluid satisfying the equation of state $P=(\\beta-1)\\rho$ (with $\\beta<0$ and constant). In this case the universe reaches a ``Big Rip'' independently of the spatial geometry of the FLRW universe. In the second situation, the dark energy is described by a phantom (generalized) Chaplygin gas which v","authors_text":"Jose A. Jimenez Madrid, Mariam Bouhmadi-Lopez","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-04-27T18:37:47Z","title":"Escaping the Big Rip?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0404540","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3749d67d4dafae613026980410f99b2ce3f888fb38ff8a651474c31db809943f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e97ab9d962f4edf09ab67f92675969e95f9779725a1e1e7a5c6c7bd88a695ad2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-04-27T18:37:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"237b0391c5890de98c3c7bc11004c75b04c818f01ac493a87e5cd9604cbb4c66"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0404540","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"becd38ea1594fbfb55cbce1079ad1fe4e3a125fd36adc2f898af117a0064c1fa","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"becd38ea1594fbfb55cbce1079ad1fe4e3a125fd36adc2f898af117a0064c1fa","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13.968667Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13.968667Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Gv0FHxQLa6JZUH4Qs/O5Djr+C34/WTVX1nllBDUA1+ZVtTuZzYlePzHz3/GU5h8tAvh3UWU6hhqn+KJHWJCzAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:20:13.969061Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/0404540","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3749d67d4dafae613026980410f99b2ce3f888fb38ff8a651474c31db809943f","sha256:044218fb0c7bc8f1401f3cf1bbb96af782d878bb9fbc2de865bb6dab176a4ba2"],"state_sha256":"38656608a27b1f2c3dc09c7fa29455a5379098d3e2bda0cbd489d040085c0416"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"seIQu0BJ9OgwwrVAzn8W1ZWN3dKbdi/5AxlR2FYqTM8S+EDe5DBushtBQlZ9TjC9ArTOyViZTflT5xtPjSw9CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T03:54:23.907287Z","bundle_sha256":"2217254bc25057e4d2e64abf7ed87f209722c2f0ee7ad5c95932c5f6635951c1"}}