{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:X4LK3PIXXMHUK74CVFAZLTCN7W","short_pith_number":"pith:X4LK3PIX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1212.4450","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.MN","submitted_at":"2012-12-18T18:08:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9354bd3bfb3aedc03ef2517ecdf7759bfc6eb570b2788ac40be10a7955ab749f","abstract_canon_sha256":"7abf1d5c34761921f1fa6cad350650c33f3346f4b6bda2d7fe71f769d17dcf26"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bf16adbd17bb0f457f82a94195cc4dfdb4f30abebd882eacd01bbac390893754","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1212.4450","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1212.4450","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1212.4450v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1212.4450","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X4LK3PIXXMHU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X4LK3PIXXMHUK74C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X4LK3PIX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:X4LK3PIXXMHUK74CVFAZLTCN7W","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1212.4450","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.MN","submitted_at":"2012-12-18T18:08:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9354bd3bfb3aedc03ef2517ecdf7759bfc6eb570b2788ac40be10a7955ab749f","abstract_canon_sha256":"7abf1d5c34761921f1fa6cad350650c33f3346f4b6bda2d7fe71f769d17dcf26"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bf16adbd17bb0f457f82a94195cc4dfdb4f30abebd882eacd01bbac390893754","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:12.930344Z","signature_b64":"RIvvSNOf5NpZ2xExphFdXDBjiaeaJVeUmP5PxAFVWh+QkWGu22+B/z09Oqc47/lrxsrdaojYadM4CgX3+ruLAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bf16adbd17bb0f457f82a94195cc4dfdb4f30abebd882eacd01bbac390893754","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:12.929540Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:12.929540Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1212.4450","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fF/EA+9tIqhikU4v009ATNIlqRjRPYpreGpBVkwbmOa4SzHpNMEVtg7En1zHTy04EszVSU6JOy5CHnj9Q11IAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T08:42:51.135989Z"},"content_sha256":"8b9b5e797dd8c9c8fea699d8d2547b4c57584f828e2b3ea22a9a88bfa1de10cf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8b9b5e797dd8c9c8fea699d8d2547b4c57584f828e2b3ea22a9a88bfa1de10cf"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:X4LK3PIXXMHUK74CVFAZLTCN7W","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Minimal autocatalytic networks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"q-bio.MN","authors_text":"Joshua Smith, Mike Steel, Wim Hordijk","submitted_at":"2012-12-18T18:08:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"Self-sustaining autocatalytic chemical networks represent a necessary, though not sufficient condition for the emergence of early living systems. These networks have been formalised and investigated within the framework of RAF theory, which has led to a number of insights and results concerning the likelihood of such networks forming. In this paper, we extend this analysis by focussing on how {\\em small} autocatalytic networks are likely to be when they first emerge. First we show that simulations are unlikely to settle this question, by establishing that the problem of finding a smallest RAF "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1212.4450","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FJ91lrBOKDW7ND6CckURt2OxaszTEpsng4/4bK5cURYGbNKY57nol8+vFtmIZOoZ5lBYiRihxOXdujr4UYegAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T08:42:51.136517Z"},"content_sha256":"85e1589afc7ee4552f9b1d359553f529e3691a49fdc9ca80bf7cea93f455ce9f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:85e1589afc7ee4552f9b1d359553f529e3691a49fdc9ca80bf7cea93f455ce9f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X4LK3PIXXMHUK74CVFAZLTCN7W/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X4LK3PIXXMHUK74CVFAZLTCN7W/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X4LK3PIXXMHUK74CVFAZLTCN7W/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T08:42:51Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/X4LK3PIXXMHUK74CVFAZLTCN7W","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/X4LK3PIXXMHUK74CVFAZLTCN7W/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/X4LK3PIXXMHUK74CVFAZLTCN7W/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X4LK3PIXXMHUK74CVFAZLTCN7W/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:X4LK3PIXXMHUK74CVFAZLTCN7W","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7abf1d5c34761921f1fa6cad350650c33f3346f4b6bda2d7fe71f769d17dcf26","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.MN","submitted_at":"2012-12-18T18:08:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"9354bd3bfb3aedc03ef2517ecdf7759bfc6eb570b2788ac40be10a7955ab749f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1212.4450","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1212.4450","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1212.4450v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1212.4450","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X4LK3PIXXMHU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X4LK3PIXXMHUK74C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X4LK3PIX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:85e1589afc7ee4552f9b1d359553f529e3691a49fdc9ca80bf7cea93f455ce9f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Self-sustaining autocatalytic chemical networks represent a necessary, though not sufficient condition for the emergence of early living systems. These networks have been formalised and investigated within the framework of RAF theory, which has led to a number of insights and results concerning the likelihood of such networks forming. In this paper, we extend this analysis by focussing on how {\\em small} autocatalytic networks are likely to be when they first emerge. First we show that simulations are unlikely to settle this question, by establishing that the problem of finding a smallest RAF ","authors_text":"Joshua Smith, Mike Steel, Wim Hordijk","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.MN","submitted_at":"2012-12-18T18:08:15Z","title":"Minimal autocatalytic networks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1212.4450","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8b9b5e797dd8c9c8fea699d8d2547b4c57584f828e2b3ea22a9a88bfa1de10cf","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7abf1d5c34761921f1fa6cad350650c33f3346f4b6bda2d7fe71f769d17dcf26","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.MN","submitted_at":"2012-12-18T18:08:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"9354bd3bfb3aedc03ef2517ecdf7759bfc6eb570b2788ac40be10a7955ab749f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1212.4450","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"bf16adbd17bb0f457f82a94195cc4dfdb4f30abebd882eacd01bbac390893754","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bf16adbd17bb0f457f82a94195cc4dfdb4f30abebd882eacd01bbac390893754","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:12.929540Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:12.929540Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"RIvvSNOf5NpZ2xExphFdXDBjiaeaJVeUmP5PxAFVWh+QkWGu22+B/z09Oqc47/lrxsrdaojYadM4CgX3+ruLAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:38:12.930344Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1212.4450","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8b9b5e797dd8c9c8fea699d8d2547b4c57584f828e2b3ea22a9a88bfa1de10cf","sha256:85e1589afc7ee4552f9b1d359553f529e3691a49fdc9ca80bf7cea93f455ce9f"],"state_sha256":"57d409e6ff25422417d903243bf9d0a934343bddd4dc16a2307175180a2e16ea"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qlINUuQubX1bNXzFpqAmAsm1qNqZLBoE6bs2jwQ4ta+ucRT2Kizedfw4elY2QP3tGmyyAJ7nHXRb02bTJ/4SBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T08:42:51.139599Z","bundle_sha256":"7abb288b28955921951a94f3a6a1c3264ecea8601fe653af79499ee93b620773"}}