{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:X5A3QW327MR2UEHB6GIDGM3AEA","short_pith_number":"pith:X5A3QW32","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.09932","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-04-15T16:58:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL","cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"1e5ca19e9f4a87aa343df30f0ea7c8549389cc62167f38f1b4f6123a5d06f9fb","abstract_canon_sha256":"f0bb85f43fd698cc4f545b3138fa2a94aa0c06b4a0d3d107b31ec0c66f4b5b4a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bf41b85b7afb23aa10e1f190333360200ca978c78595569f2e4f716d94f62911","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2404.09932","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.09932","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.09932v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.09932","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X5A3QW327MR2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X5A3QW327MR2UEHB","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X5A3QW32","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:X5A3QW327MR2UEHB6GIDGM3AEA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.09932","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-04-15T16:58:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL","cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"1e5ca19e9f4a87aa343df30f0ea7c8549389cc62167f38f1b4f6123a5d06f9fb","abstract_canon_sha256":"f0bb85f43fd698cc4f545b3138fa2a94aa0c06b4a0d3d107b31ec0c66f4b5b4a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bf41b85b7afb23aa10e1f190333360200ca978c78595569f2e4f716d94f62911","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52.857103Z","signature_b64":"2YpKkcge4lx5nrQbrnqJyOyQLlzVjzq+YJ97wGR2VOGlik5M0Bhv6VnNUto3FdhA/VoWk6IZpE+QqOsvxG3cDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bf41b85b7afb23aa10e1f190333360200ca978c78595569f2e4f716d94f62911","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52.856623Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52.856623Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2404.09932","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pivr8sm5BcAPSU7ex98K04rrcnEJ38YyUbrqEJJIQUObDDksg5+pnmrWj4md8iPMOKPPVH9RYnIUatOEsb4fCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T16:25:39.705657Z"},"content_sha256":"60089591b5ce016feed6fb9c7c7a5e30a8a2f470ac25671c18c9299cd3927ed1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:60089591b5ce016feed6fb9c7c7a5e30a8a2f470ac25671c18c9299cd3927ed1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:X5A3QW327MR2UEHB6GIDGM3AEA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Foundational Challenges in Assuring Alignment and Safety of Large Language Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CL","cs.CY"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Abulhair Saparov, Alan Chan, Aleksandar Petrov, Alexander Pan, Anton Korinek, Atoosa Kasirzadeh, Benjamin L. Edelman, Christian Schroeder de Witt, Daniel Paleka, Danqi Chen, David Krueger, Ekdeep Singh Lubana, Eric Bigelow, Erik Jenner, Florian Tramer, Gabriel Recchia, Giulio Corsi, He He, Heidi Zhang, Jakob Foerster, Javier Rando, Jose Hernandez-Orallo, Lauro Langosco, Lewis Hammond, Lilian Edwards, Mario G\\\"unther, Markus Anderljung, Miles Turpin, Oliver Sourbut, Peter Hase, Philip H.S. Torr, Ruiqi Zhong, Samuel Albanie, Se\\'an \\'O h\\'Eigeartaigh, Stephen Casper, Sumeet Ramesh Motwan, Tegan Maharaj, Tomasz Korbak, Usman Anwar, Yejin Choi, Yoshua Bengio, Zhaowei Zhang","submitted_at":"2024-04-15T16:58:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"This work identifies 18 foundational challenges in assuring the alignment and safety of large language models (LLMs). These challenges are organized into three different categories: scientific understanding of LLMs, development and deployment methods, and sociotechnical challenges. Based on the identified challenges, we pose $200+$ concrete research questions."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.09932","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2404.09932/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/s0Y8r3eAonS9i6dlaR+Uj53+Pu9laZs3epeSjMjha+4hqc0jvm/bvIMXuRoMu2/1RHFkndFBK4E25QbSzgZDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T16:25:39.706278Z"},"content_sha256":"e9b77999d78968a463a154314cd6dc598364a5a6e6927d3200f49fdb9ea9b299","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e9b77999d78968a463a154314cd6dc598364a5a6e6927d3200f49fdb9ea9b299"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X5A3QW327MR2UEHB6GIDGM3AEA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X5A3QW327MR2UEHB6GIDGM3AEA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X5A3QW327MR2UEHB6GIDGM3AEA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T16:25:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/X5A3QW327MR2UEHB6GIDGM3AEA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/X5A3QW327MR2UEHB6GIDGM3AEA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/X5A3QW327MR2UEHB6GIDGM3AEA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X5A3QW327MR2UEHB6GIDGM3AEA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:X5A3QW327MR2UEHB6GIDGM3AEA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f0bb85f43fd698cc4f545b3138fa2a94aa0c06b4a0d3d107b31ec0c66f4b5b4a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL","cs.CY"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-04-15T16:58:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"1e5ca19e9f4a87aa343df30f0ea7c8549389cc62167f38f1b4f6123a5d06f9fb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.09932","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.09932","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.09932v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.09932","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X5A3QW327MR2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X5A3QW327MR2UEHB","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X5A3QW32","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e9b77999d78968a463a154314cd6dc598364a5a6e6927d3200f49fdb9ea9b299","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2404.09932/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This work identifies 18 foundational challenges in assuring the alignment and safety of large language models (LLMs). These challenges are organized into three different categories: scientific understanding of LLMs, development and deployment methods, and sociotechnical challenges. Based on the identified challenges, we pose $200+$ concrete research questions.","authors_text":"Abulhair Saparov, Alan Chan, Aleksandar Petrov, Alexander Pan, Anton Korinek, Atoosa Kasirzadeh, Benjamin L. Edelman, Christian Schroeder de Witt, Daniel Paleka, Danqi Chen, David Krueger, Ekdeep Singh Lubana, Eric Bigelow, Erik Jenner, Florian Tramer, Gabriel Recchia, Giulio Corsi, He He, Heidi Zhang, Jakob Foerster, Javier Rando, Jose Hernandez-Orallo, Lauro Langosco, Lewis Hammond, Lilian Edwards, Mario G\\\"unther, Markus Anderljung, Miles Turpin, Oliver Sourbut, Peter Hase, Philip H.S. Torr, Ruiqi Zhong, Samuel Albanie, Se\\'an \\'O h\\'Eigeartaigh, Stephen Casper, Sumeet Ramesh Motwan, Tegan Maharaj, Tomasz Korbak, Usman Anwar, Yejin Choi, Yoshua Bengio, Zhaowei Zhang","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CL","cs.CY"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-04-15T16:58:28Z","title":"Foundational Challenges in Assuring Alignment and Safety of Large Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.09932","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:60089591b5ce016feed6fb9c7c7a5e30a8a2f470ac25671c18c9299cd3927ed1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f0bb85f43fd698cc4f545b3138fa2a94aa0c06b4a0d3d107b31ec0c66f4b5b4a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL","cs.CY"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-04-15T16:58:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"1e5ca19e9f4a87aa343df30f0ea7c8549389cc62167f38f1b4f6123a5d06f9fb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.09932","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"bf41b85b7afb23aa10e1f190333360200ca978c78595569f2e4f716d94f62911","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bf41b85b7afb23aa10e1f190333360200ca978c78595569f2e4f716d94f62911","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52.856623Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52.856623Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"2YpKkcge4lx5nrQbrnqJyOyQLlzVjzq+YJ97wGR2VOGlik5M0Bhv6VnNUto3FdhA/VoWk6IZpE+QqOsvxG3cDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:52.857103Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2404.09932","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:60089591b5ce016feed6fb9c7c7a5e30a8a2f470ac25671c18c9299cd3927ed1","sha256:e9b77999d78968a463a154314cd6dc598364a5a6e6927d3200f49fdb9ea9b299"],"state_sha256":"cac023cb8c200c531244c629b14b798a218788bfb8cacb7895aaa6ff99a40858"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mPvMYYcBk5tK8URBBBYlQLYQg/Y9rw6wGXgkzWe7mfEdqEejA7ejnqdYxagqcITUTjDhzueuhV+uZrJLUx5VDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T16:25:39.711706Z","bundle_sha256":"0e736264eb6c207636224fc1dd4082b1e521cac0638a5189bbdf692faa55392b"}}