{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:X665SOJLC5JJ2D4O7DPSUVCQEZ","short_pith_number":"pith:X665SOJL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.11506","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2019-06-27T08:51:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"61a78e80aa6a818b787520653923cc89c3937f504bbf09209d2da1a77c88d9c3","abstract_canon_sha256":"6929f38ea011c18b4c6ff2c6337bc60b470affc32e6ee72208add3af22437b8d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bfbdd9392b17529d0f8ef8df2a54502655b658681d1b91256fc37c93d2322df8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1906.11506","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.11506","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.11506v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.11506","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X665SOJLC5JJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X665SOJLC5JJ2D4O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X665SOJL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:X665SOJLC5JJ2D4O7DPSUVCQEZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.11506","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2019-06-27T08:51:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"61a78e80aa6a818b787520653923cc89c3937f504bbf09209d2da1a77c88d9c3","abstract_canon_sha256":"6929f38ea011c18b4c6ff2c6337bc60b470affc32e6ee72208add3af22437b8d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bfbdd9392b17529d0f8ef8df2a54502655b658681d1b91256fc37c93d2322df8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:53.412918Z","signature_b64":"qemWRMm1w47wZjfHdLc9N73V+aqVhnMIdUHG7Ho+1OyytZUtwVS0ja2jYr4+KW0/RxF7aT20cDSomUJtmrKOCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bfbdd9392b17529d0f8ef8df2a54502655b658681d1b91256fc37c93d2322df8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:53.412473Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:53.412473Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1906.11506","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"19RyUj2/qJORwNQZSrxvb9sFnS+rjSH5a5CYM9GCM9YpgWyQNpwFVlaBs39zaWcg30F8CWQJfDBlpj09ZkOwAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T13:02:21.360852Z"},"content_sha256":"e758fbb55dfcdd9091eb8dc43da4dbbaf3453cd79cb6d060c235ce984e736eda","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e758fbb55dfcdd9091eb8dc43da4dbbaf3453cd79cb6d060c235ce984e736eda"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:X665SOJLC5JJ2D4O7DPSUVCQEZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Charge-to-heat transducers exploiting the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke effect for light detection in rare-event searches","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","authors_text":"A. Giuliani, A.S. Zolotarova, D.V. Poda, E. Olivieri, L. Berg\\'e, L. Dumoulin, M. Mancuso, M. Tenconi, P. de Marcillac, S. Marnieros, V. Novati","submitted_at":"2019-06-27T08:51:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this work we present how to fabricate large-area (15 cm2), ultra-low threshold germanium bolometric photo-detectors and how to operate them to detect few (optical) photons. These detectors work at temperatures as low as few tens of mK and exploit the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke (NTL) effect. They are operated as charge-to-heat transducers: the heat signal is linearly increased by simply changing a voltage bias applied to special metal electrodes, fabricated onto the germanium absorber, and read by a (NTD-Ge) thermal sensor. We fabricated a batch of five prototypes and ran them in different facili"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.11506","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MyA3PJEvnM8d3gAX/Gf2oixHyIxRNoDqZbjWC2mzwDDebm9nYMU5PDddFfDGS6WiXUDF3n3I5ia9MDVbxHt5Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T13:02:21.361206Z"},"content_sha256":"06a20d1aa675e20cdba6036d397d340664ad8b6dd2b995d3e8e5dcad12a88f3f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:06a20d1aa675e20cdba6036d397d340664ad8b6dd2b995d3e8e5dcad12a88f3f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X665SOJLC5JJ2D4O7DPSUVCQEZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X665SOJLC5JJ2D4O7DPSUVCQEZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X665SOJLC5JJ2D4O7DPSUVCQEZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T13:02:21Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/X665SOJLC5JJ2D4O7DPSUVCQEZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/X665SOJLC5JJ2D4O7DPSUVCQEZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/X665SOJLC5JJ2D4O7DPSUVCQEZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X665SOJLC5JJ2D4O7DPSUVCQEZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:X665SOJLC5JJ2D4O7DPSUVCQEZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6929f38ea011c18b4c6ff2c6337bc60b470affc32e6ee72208add3af22437b8d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2019-06-27T08:51:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"61a78e80aa6a818b787520653923cc89c3937f504bbf09209d2da1a77c88d9c3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.11506","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.11506","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.11506v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.11506","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X665SOJLC5JJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X665SOJLC5JJ2D4O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X665SOJL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:06a20d1aa675e20cdba6036d397d340664ad8b6dd2b995d3e8e5dcad12a88f3f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this work we present how to fabricate large-area (15 cm2), ultra-low threshold germanium bolometric photo-detectors and how to operate them to detect few (optical) photons. These detectors work at temperatures as low as few tens of mK and exploit the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke (NTL) effect. They are operated as charge-to-heat transducers: the heat signal is linearly increased by simply changing a voltage bias applied to special metal electrodes, fabricated onto the germanium absorber, and read by a (NTD-Ge) thermal sensor. We fabricated a batch of five prototypes and ran them in different facili","authors_text":"A. Giuliani, A.S. Zolotarova, D.V. Poda, E. Olivieri, L. Berg\\'e, L. Dumoulin, M. Mancuso, M. Tenconi, P. de Marcillac, S. Marnieros, V. Novati","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2019-06-27T08:51:49Z","title":"Charge-to-heat transducers exploiting the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke effect for light detection in rare-event searches"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.11506","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e758fbb55dfcdd9091eb8dc43da4dbbaf3453cd79cb6d060c235ce984e736eda","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6929f38ea011c18b4c6ff2c6337bc60b470affc32e6ee72208add3af22437b8d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2019-06-27T08:51:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"61a78e80aa6a818b787520653923cc89c3937f504bbf09209d2da1a77c88d9c3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.11506","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"bfbdd9392b17529d0f8ef8df2a54502655b658681d1b91256fc37c93d2322df8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bfbdd9392b17529d0f8ef8df2a54502655b658681d1b91256fc37c93d2322df8","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:53.412473Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:53.412473Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"qemWRMm1w47wZjfHdLc9N73V+aqVhnMIdUHG7Ho+1OyytZUtwVS0ja2jYr4+KW0/RxF7aT20cDSomUJtmrKOCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:53.412918Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1906.11506","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e758fbb55dfcdd9091eb8dc43da4dbbaf3453cd79cb6d060c235ce984e736eda","sha256:06a20d1aa675e20cdba6036d397d340664ad8b6dd2b995d3e8e5dcad12a88f3f"],"state_sha256":"064600148e279bc6957b47af504cdc94cbc910c041cd21b2cbce45ba6d06c493"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"geoSyict7gwHYQc3y7fiE8QSdKlg9u4gd0QtIT/I1W6pOoAyYPkL5l7q6GsNoFEYk175yixuHuRcNCTQz1JjAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T13:02:21.363543Z","bundle_sha256":"702256cfafc7576e44ef8acbc111379c1f73d6436be2ead198ad95adffd7afdc"}}