{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:X75MCJCF6EDRMQ53H5NUJPQU7U","short_pith_number":"pith:X75MCJCF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1304.5036","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2013-04-18T07:06:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"40a1791d8067528ac440573492a07e87b28b27cbe454c89ba3b4c66a4fd4628a","abstract_canon_sha256":"85f5f17fe51a94cde7b88b28a970fe1c0f983bdc1c1dee1fa9eafcd01f1c33ae"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bffac12445f1071643bb3f5b44be14fd045141f8a86a15c8e665ee1b23d445b8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1304.5036","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1304.5036","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1304.5036v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1304.5036","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X75MCJCF6EDR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X75MCJCF6EDRMQ53","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X75MCJCF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:X75MCJCF6EDRMQ53H5NUJPQU7U","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1304.5036","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2013-04-18T07:06:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"40a1791d8067528ac440573492a07e87b28b27cbe454c89ba3b4c66a4fd4628a","abstract_canon_sha256":"85f5f17fe51a94cde7b88b28a970fe1c0f983bdc1c1dee1fa9eafcd01f1c33ae"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bffac12445f1071643bb3f5b44be14fd045141f8a86a15c8e665ee1b23d445b8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:31.236072Z","signature_b64":"TmY7ChCBjCgZzgKWgY/PnFLilrwK3HnO6BulysY6VKz3MMG/gPrEOBTanCP6iTRH/QC/2aWnYSkfqhNCIqoXBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bffac12445f1071643bb3f5b44be14fd045141f8a86a15c8e665ee1b23d445b8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:31.235344Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:31.235344Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1304.5036","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jaNRrydnUefLUmXgT3zat17tiHPzY7AX/vcnOQzCjjGRohKf9o9pFk+GOy5LBfc+88ParqSa+QlXi6/LowUOBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T20:48:26.201021Z"},"content_sha256":"6805677b15af85eb355d10cb5eda0729901b3aadb21479d97fa64a909ed76c77","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6805677b15af85eb355d10cb5eda0729901b3aadb21479d97fa64a909ed76c77"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:X75MCJCF6EDRMQ53H5NUJPQU7U","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Connection between dense gas mass fraction, turbulence driving, and star formation efficiency of molecular clouds","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Christoph Federrath, Jouni Kainulainen, Thomas Henning","submitted_at":"2013-04-18T07:06:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"We examine the physical parameters that affect the accumulation of gas in molecular clouds to high column densities where the formation of stars takes place. In particular, we analyze the dense gas mass fraction (DGMF) in a set of self-gravitating, isothermal, magnetohydrodynamic turbulence simulations including sink particles to model star formation. We find that the simulations predict close to exponential DGMFs over the column density range N(H2) = 3-25 x 10^{21} cm^{-2} that can be easily probed via, e.g., dust extinction measurements. The exponential slopes correlate with the type of turb"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1304.5036","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QYdw9s/qfvFHxA98gefF+ZXI//yLlnWNRvFvHjUaZ9xiB3oSQoDJ503wKuceYQOnfcdli1hlB96lirUPASVJDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T20:48:26.201459Z"},"content_sha256":"92b026be42c71bea6c431555134501f41fda51532dec7ee048dc74807f69437a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:92b026be42c71bea6c431555134501f41fda51532dec7ee048dc74807f69437a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X75MCJCF6EDRMQ53H5NUJPQU7U/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X75MCJCF6EDRMQ53H5NUJPQU7U/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X75MCJCF6EDRMQ53H5NUJPQU7U/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T20:48:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/X75MCJCF6EDRMQ53H5NUJPQU7U","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/X75MCJCF6EDRMQ53H5NUJPQU7U/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/X75MCJCF6EDRMQ53H5NUJPQU7U/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X75MCJCF6EDRMQ53H5NUJPQU7U/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:X75MCJCF6EDRMQ53H5NUJPQU7U","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"85f5f17fe51a94cde7b88b28a970fe1c0f983bdc1c1dee1fa9eafcd01f1c33ae","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2013-04-18T07:06:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"40a1791d8067528ac440573492a07e87b28b27cbe454c89ba3b4c66a4fd4628a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1304.5036","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1304.5036","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1304.5036v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1304.5036","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X75MCJCF6EDR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X75MCJCF6EDRMQ53","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X75MCJCF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:92b026be42c71bea6c431555134501f41fda51532dec7ee048dc74807f69437a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We examine the physical parameters that affect the accumulation of gas in molecular clouds to high column densities where the formation of stars takes place. In particular, we analyze the dense gas mass fraction (DGMF) in a set of self-gravitating, isothermal, magnetohydrodynamic turbulence simulations including sink particles to model star formation. We find that the simulations predict close to exponential DGMFs over the column density range N(H2) = 3-25 x 10^{21} cm^{-2} that can be easily probed via, e.g., dust extinction measurements. The exponential slopes correlate with the type of turb","authors_text":"Christoph Federrath, Jouni Kainulainen, Thomas Henning","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2013-04-18T07:06:20Z","title":"Connection between dense gas mass fraction, turbulence driving, and star formation efficiency of molecular clouds"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1304.5036","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6805677b15af85eb355d10cb5eda0729901b3aadb21479d97fa64a909ed76c77","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"85f5f17fe51a94cde7b88b28a970fe1c0f983bdc1c1dee1fa9eafcd01f1c33ae","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2013-04-18T07:06:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"40a1791d8067528ac440573492a07e87b28b27cbe454c89ba3b4c66a4fd4628a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1304.5036","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"bffac12445f1071643bb3f5b44be14fd045141f8a86a15c8e665ee1b23d445b8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bffac12445f1071643bb3f5b44be14fd045141f8a86a15c8e665ee1b23d445b8","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:31.235344Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:31.235344Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"TmY7ChCBjCgZzgKWgY/PnFLilrwK3HnO6BulysY6VKz3MMG/gPrEOBTanCP6iTRH/QC/2aWnYSkfqhNCIqoXBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:31.236072Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1304.5036","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6805677b15af85eb355d10cb5eda0729901b3aadb21479d97fa64a909ed76c77","sha256:92b026be42c71bea6c431555134501f41fda51532dec7ee048dc74807f69437a"],"state_sha256":"fa8ebb2d2662c23f484ad7a15b3d7378905edec98f6439e8393735849d465390"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/DmOTD0fE5VcILBtMJXhgckfxV58v+u842WMkSxrVWOLfNalkbFg7LitQEX51z+LwGrjbzs6gL29KC3LsgGVDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T20:48:26.204329Z","bundle_sha256":"4a13518edcbf93b22eed2007b344dce75f44ad68d4088114a38aac10135289fb"}}