{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:X7AF3WDCHNDBMAIVX2RLYOZR3D","short_pith_number":"pith:X7AF3WDC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.03271","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2019-06-07T18:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"69bfcab8c9937bc5853cd9fbd76ed431d4e75892f91bbc2e987b539c243a9bc1","abstract_canon_sha256":"9efee47a9f64c3e5bf215f4f1a31267c751ffb27dd63b241012a603f67b7da29"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bfc05dd8623b46160115bea2bc3b31d8f8d10a98a1a9d28e2d8e745f6eb382f5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1906.03271","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.03271","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.03271v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.03271","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X7AF3WDCHNDB","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X7AF3WDCHNDBMAIV","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X7AF3WDC","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:X7AF3WDCHNDBMAIVX2RLYOZR3D","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.03271","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2019-06-07T18:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"69bfcab8c9937bc5853cd9fbd76ed431d4e75892f91bbc2e987b539c243a9bc1","abstract_canon_sha256":"9efee47a9f64c3e5bf215f4f1a31267c751ffb27dd63b241012a603f67b7da29"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bfc05dd8623b46160115bea2bc3b31d8f8d10a98a1a9d28e2d8e745f6eb382f5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02.368578Z","signature_b64":"7UNonLc1KnipD4MU6URqBLkTPZG9m4Zc1kE8whT4XyBtckIoEVC8A8nNYmEpEkcaglA1tJzFfmiyXZPC1iUxAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bfc05dd8623b46160115bea2bc3b31d8f8d10a98a1a9d28e2d8e745f6eb382f5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02.368073Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02.368073Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1906.03271","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7QsW5vxM+BDgXkkd77Py9YbwAwiXaFBfkdWNclogxUetaqGIJWMV/6WVcnoS+T1xm0tIjAT5XrnEoELVHNkLCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T13:20:11.263964Z"},"content_sha256":"209efb52363126de355025c8ff6a273d1f32a1df64e6c10a37afdda099bbaf78","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:209efb52363126de355025c8ff6a273d1f32a1df64e6c10a37afdda099bbaf78"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:X7AF3WDCHNDBMAIVX2RLYOZR3D","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Finite $S$-Matrix","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Holmfridur Hannesdottir, Matthew D. Schwartz","submitted_at":"2019-06-07T18:00:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"When massless particles are involved, the traditional scattering matrix ($S$-matrix) does not exist: it has no rigorous non-perturbative definition and has infrared divergences in its perturbative expansion. The problem can be traced to the impossibility of isolating single-particle states at asymptotic times. On the other hand, the troublesome non-separable interactions are often universal: in gauge theories they factorize so that the asymptotic evolution is independent of the hard scattering. Exploiting this factorization property, we show how a finite \"hard\" $S$-matrix, $S_H$, can be define"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.03271","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1906.03271/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"P6ZTsmiVsgWFkiM4apWf49YCAoOlQuSItnDBkK1XSCdavupIOfXE86iQN1U19GANzeRmsbJHUZpcjmWXXeeSAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T13:20:11.264513Z"},"content_sha256":"95ea6c3165a68a8870bbdca71c5793909f3d3ffad002732bf4ac626c90b5634b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:95ea6c3165a68a8870bbdca71c5793909f3d3ffad002732bf4ac626c90b5634b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X7AF3WDCHNDBMAIVX2RLYOZR3D/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X7AF3WDCHNDBMAIVX2RLYOZR3D/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X7AF3WDCHNDBMAIVX2RLYOZR3D/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T13:20:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/X7AF3WDCHNDBMAIVX2RLYOZR3D","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/X7AF3WDCHNDBMAIVX2RLYOZR3D/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/X7AF3WDCHNDBMAIVX2RLYOZR3D/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X7AF3WDCHNDBMAIVX2RLYOZR3D/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:X7AF3WDCHNDBMAIVX2RLYOZR3D","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9efee47a9f64c3e5bf215f4f1a31267c751ffb27dd63b241012a603f67b7da29","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2019-06-07T18:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"69bfcab8c9937bc5853cd9fbd76ed431d4e75892f91bbc2e987b539c243a9bc1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.03271","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.03271","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.03271v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.03271","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X7AF3WDCHNDB","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X7AF3WDCHNDBMAIV","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X7AF3WDC","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:95ea6c3165a68a8870bbdca71c5793909f3d3ffad002732bf4ac626c90b5634b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1906.03271/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"When massless particles are involved, the traditional scattering matrix ($S$-matrix) does not exist: it has no rigorous non-perturbative definition and has infrared divergences in its perturbative expansion. The problem can be traced to the impossibility of isolating single-particle states at asymptotic times. On the other hand, the troublesome non-separable interactions are often universal: in gauge theories they factorize so that the asymptotic evolution is independent of the hard scattering. Exploiting this factorization property, we show how a finite \"hard\" $S$-matrix, $S_H$, can be define","authors_text":"Holmfridur Hannesdottir, Matthew D. Schwartz","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2019-06-07T18:00:02Z","title":"A Finite $S$-Matrix"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.03271","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:209efb52363126de355025c8ff6a273d1f32a1df64e6c10a37afdda099bbaf78","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9efee47a9f64c3e5bf215f4f1a31267c751ffb27dd63b241012a603f67b7da29","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2019-06-07T18:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"69bfcab8c9937bc5853cd9fbd76ed431d4e75892f91bbc2e987b539c243a9bc1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.03271","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"bfc05dd8623b46160115bea2bc3b31d8f8d10a98a1a9d28e2d8e745f6eb382f5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bfc05dd8623b46160115bea2bc3b31d8f8d10a98a1a9d28e2d8e745f6eb382f5","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02.368073Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02.368073Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7UNonLc1KnipD4MU6URqBLkTPZG9m4Zc1kE8whT4XyBtckIoEVC8A8nNYmEpEkcaglA1tJzFfmiyXZPC1iUxAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:02.368578Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1906.03271","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:209efb52363126de355025c8ff6a273d1f32a1df64e6c10a37afdda099bbaf78","sha256:95ea6c3165a68a8870bbdca71c5793909f3d3ffad002732bf4ac626c90b5634b"],"state_sha256":"5c19034b0d7d3b00cc73ffc86e7cc68b5a5503b5dcbd64e58ee6a85661549840"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NTIetm+yFd5JIIfaVvI9M+WA+A7nhmWbWlmm1s7uWpJcxCLSXUaXW+bHsUk+mFgFIiBz2p3NhYJ+ClwM13GHDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T13:20:11.269908Z","bundle_sha256":"7b63af0c845ec4f837d79255cecc6eacec4474a14350dc65d620854777209a34"}}