{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:X7DOULXCAKVNFFNGRQE5MI34JM","short_pith_number":"pith:X7DOULXC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1202.2996","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2012-02-14T11:00:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"feac0cf047d67489b5c21c37e57dfee7d5640e18dec593e2e3a9bb5f6e252a89","abstract_canon_sha256":"f04c82a58fc633cc34ce68b4191c186e26001f411f9d844a1db3b34c8e0ce751"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bfc6ea2ee202aad295a68c09d6237c4b078073edeb072326a332de382f654cdb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1202.2996","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1202.2996","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1202.2996v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1202.2996","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X7DOULXCAKVN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X7DOULXCAKVNFFNG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X7DOULXC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:X7DOULXCAKVNFFNGRQE5MI34JM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1202.2996","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2012-02-14T11:00:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"feac0cf047d67489b5c21c37e57dfee7d5640e18dec593e2e3a9bb5f6e252a89","abstract_canon_sha256":"f04c82a58fc633cc34ce68b4191c186e26001f411f9d844a1db3b34c8e0ce751"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bfc6ea2ee202aad295a68c09d6237c4b078073edeb072326a332de382f654cdb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:28.729383Z","signature_b64":"oM/vBL3ITbD/G7WXQT181YwRy5jlvgl3rJFVW6+Q1ruE6O+iui8IH7gZvubZSfp/Rwvoryw0Nw53/wWgWq92AQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bfc6ea2ee202aad295a68c09d6237c4b078073edeb072326a332de382f654cdb","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:28.728924Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:28.728924Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1202.2996","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Or2skh5e17qZr45hYY79URya45Bd+WSOy4hXybGf5KEkIWGxcto9UkZYLnWRVTxs0uE+tjItZbIaUMh0fVMYDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T21:10:44.307997Z"},"content_sha256":"1620d71e0ebd2be26fdf2e1a0c879c29cb01c4d411d3c5187abc6aa5ac988d72","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1620d71e0ebd2be26fdf2e1a0c879c29cb01c4d411d3c5187abc6aa5ac988d72"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:X7DOULXCAKVNFFNGRQE5MI34JM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Approximations for radiative cooling and heating in the solar chromosphere","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Jorrit Leenaarts, Mats Carlsson","submitted_at":"2012-02-14T11:00:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"Context. The radiative energy balance in the solar chromosphere is dominated by strong spectral lines that are formed out of LTE. It is computationally prohibitive to solve the full equations of radiative transfer and statistical equilibrium in 3D time dependent MHD simulations.\n  Aims. To find simple recipes to compute the radiative energy balance in the dominant lines under solar chromospheric conditions.\n  Methods. We use detailed calculations in time-dependent and 2D MHD snapshots to derive empirical formulae for the radiative cooling and heating.\n  Results. The radiative cooling in neutra"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1202.2996","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"agZKBbLmYzF4hJIx8uhHacraGzvGa5uqVdDqUy9ghsgHm//zcH+xbVJlS0VBr6C0l37Mr+wWBkXhiwPxdNglCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T21:10:44.308714Z"},"content_sha256":"b9893df5d94f2a6823ca10acd3447bb2cc3d4a4b8ebbda2ba63041706dd4af1a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b9893df5d94f2a6823ca10acd3447bb2cc3d4a4b8ebbda2ba63041706dd4af1a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X7DOULXCAKVNFFNGRQE5MI34JM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/X7DOULXCAKVNFFNGRQE5MI34JM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X7DOULXCAKVNFFNGRQE5MI34JM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T21:10:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/X7DOULXCAKVNFFNGRQE5MI34JM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/X7DOULXCAKVNFFNGRQE5MI34JM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/X7DOULXCAKVNFFNGRQE5MI34JM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/X7DOULXCAKVNFFNGRQE5MI34JM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:X7DOULXCAKVNFFNGRQE5MI34JM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f04c82a58fc633cc34ce68b4191c186e26001f411f9d844a1db3b34c8e0ce751","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2012-02-14T11:00:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"feac0cf047d67489b5c21c37e57dfee7d5640e18dec593e2e3a9bb5f6e252a89"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1202.2996","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1202.2996","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1202.2996v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1202.2996","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"X7DOULXCAKVN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"X7DOULXCAKVNFFNG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"X7DOULXC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b9893df5d94f2a6823ca10acd3447bb2cc3d4a4b8ebbda2ba63041706dd4af1a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Context. The radiative energy balance in the solar chromosphere is dominated by strong spectral lines that are formed out of LTE. It is computationally prohibitive to solve the full equations of radiative transfer and statistical equilibrium in 3D time dependent MHD simulations.\n  Aims. To find simple recipes to compute the radiative energy balance in the dominant lines under solar chromospheric conditions.\n  Methods. We use detailed calculations in time-dependent and 2D MHD snapshots to derive empirical formulae for the radiative cooling and heating.\n  Results. The radiative cooling in neutra","authors_text":"Jorrit Leenaarts, Mats Carlsson","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2012-02-14T11:00:48Z","title":"Approximations for radiative cooling and heating in the solar chromosphere"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1202.2996","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1620d71e0ebd2be26fdf2e1a0c879c29cb01c4d411d3c5187abc6aa5ac988d72","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f04c82a58fc633cc34ce68b4191c186e26001f411f9d844a1db3b34c8e0ce751","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2012-02-14T11:00:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"feac0cf047d67489b5c21c37e57dfee7d5640e18dec593e2e3a9bb5f6e252a89"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1202.2996","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"bfc6ea2ee202aad295a68c09d6237c4b078073edeb072326a332de382f654cdb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bfc6ea2ee202aad295a68c09d6237c4b078073edeb072326a332de382f654cdb","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:28.728924Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:28.728924Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oM/vBL3ITbD/G7WXQT181YwRy5jlvgl3rJFVW6+Q1ruE6O+iui8IH7gZvubZSfp/Rwvoryw0Nw53/wWgWq92AQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:28.729383Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1202.2996","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1620d71e0ebd2be26fdf2e1a0c879c29cb01c4d411d3c5187abc6aa5ac988d72","sha256:b9893df5d94f2a6823ca10acd3447bb2cc3d4a4b8ebbda2ba63041706dd4af1a"],"state_sha256":"66e02558007aa8f3d6c788824babc7d69a6e376892ac95eb64b549b532b8494b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6qzWfedr1GaCcT2P7dvloxJ1ZiJKPCve9H1wPcqGsBoLwTjA+ekYAy7nZ48UjPii/3XcaXmZt+MxBdRN6QhJAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T21:10:44.312441Z","bundle_sha256":"e001c1fed7d1e0f3c28db1e359c5c8c6ffa880af23b0f764b75f5ce44a14b3a2"}}