{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:XAEZ7CVFYSPH62HIUQVWPBKOS5","short_pith_number":"pith:XAEZ7CVF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1904.05132","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2019-04-10T12:23:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"080b37bd0e95861d3f066e9f470b102241aff8663716fdcd94ea863c82ae9305","abstract_canon_sha256":"7507aa77bae7ebd51b71e27a214bfd1b0f9c1deb467a1c70dab3612f604dbad4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b8099f8aa5c49e7f68e8a42b67854e97697fd71451732abcc9ed3f15a9d67456","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1904.05132","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1904.05132","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1904.05132v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1904.05132","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XAEZ7CVFYSPH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XAEZ7CVFYSPH62HI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XAEZ7CVF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:XAEZ7CVFYSPH62HIUQVWPBKOS5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1904.05132","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2019-04-10T12:23:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"080b37bd0e95861d3f066e9f470b102241aff8663716fdcd94ea863c82ae9305","abstract_canon_sha256":"7507aa77bae7ebd51b71e27a214bfd1b0f9c1deb467a1c70dab3612f604dbad4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b8099f8aa5c49e7f68e8a42b67854e97697fd71451732abcc9ed3f15a9d67456","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:54.063328Z","signature_b64":"5qbZ3C0iBuhA2VdJFZHTVVGqTQbSUrDEdbTAQfpKTI3SdNJ6mYlmbSXs2j8TN8E/nR7hueUYyCM3RM9hGkMWBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b8099f8aa5c49e7f68e8a42b67854e97697fd71451732abcc9ed3f15a9d67456","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:54.062833Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:54.062833Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1904.05132","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"N6ymCYS3wsohUO9A0Sae/kV+cgy8bzUpelkkdfDv3/6vt+xTCUbpm/g6JgL5QnIh4gza3oAO4bZQZh1A8FFrBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T04:44:24.549605Z"},"content_sha256":"5fb760fe479ef949ab8547c034ef04f1a0f2e3ec4d01b17556b65c341f39a5ff","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5fb760fe479ef949ab8547c034ef04f1a0f2e3ec4d01b17556b65c341f39a5ff"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:XAEZ7CVFYSPH62HIUQVWPBKOS5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Better Safe Than Sorry: An Adversarial Approach to Improve Social Bot Detection","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"cs.SI","authors_text":"Angelo Spognardi, Marinella Petrocchi, Stefano Cresci, Stefano Tognazzi","submitted_at":"2019-04-10T12:23:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"The arm race between spambots and spambot-detectors is made of several cycles (or generations): a new wave of spambots is created (and new spam is spread), new spambot filters are derived and old spambots mutate (or evolve) to new species. Recently, with the diffusion of the adversarial learning approach, a new practice is emerging: to manipulate on purpose target samples in order to make stronger detection models. Here, we manipulate generations of Twitter social bots, to obtain - and study - their possible future evolutions, with the aim of eventually deriving more effective detection techni"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1904.05132","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6vsAhb9yBP853jeplTgxWvu61eioZfgq7dgIvxuYUKaTxNetNJG8QQ23dlEgQkpvxUkpzNM/7MEOP1d6DhmoCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T04:44:24.550223Z"},"content_sha256":"372cf06ed42953721da5e1b3cd9f5c33d89cbd40ceb2b0618705bd86e5fe89be","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:372cf06ed42953721da5e1b3cd9f5c33d89cbd40ceb2b0618705bd86e5fe89be"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XAEZ7CVFYSPH62HIUQVWPBKOS5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XAEZ7CVFYSPH62HIUQVWPBKOS5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XAEZ7CVFYSPH62HIUQVWPBKOS5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T04:44:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XAEZ7CVFYSPH62HIUQVWPBKOS5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XAEZ7CVFYSPH62HIUQVWPBKOS5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XAEZ7CVFYSPH62HIUQVWPBKOS5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XAEZ7CVFYSPH62HIUQVWPBKOS5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:XAEZ7CVFYSPH62HIUQVWPBKOS5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7507aa77bae7ebd51b71e27a214bfd1b0f9c1deb467a1c70dab3612f604dbad4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2019-04-10T12:23:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"080b37bd0e95861d3f066e9f470b102241aff8663716fdcd94ea863c82ae9305"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1904.05132","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1904.05132","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1904.05132v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1904.05132","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XAEZ7CVFYSPH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XAEZ7CVFYSPH62HI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XAEZ7CVF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:372cf06ed42953721da5e1b3cd9f5c33d89cbd40ceb2b0618705bd86e5fe89be","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The arm race between spambots and spambot-detectors is made of several cycles (or generations): a new wave of spambots is created (and new spam is spread), new spambot filters are derived and old spambots mutate (or evolve) to new species. Recently, with the diffusion of the adversarial learning approach, a new practice is emerging: to manipulate on purpose target samples in order to make stronger detection models. Here, we manipulate generations of Twitter social bots, to obtain - and study - their possible future evolutions, with the aim of eventually deriving more effective detection techni","authors_text":"Angelo Spognardi, Marinella Petrocchi, Stefano Cresci, Stefano Tognazzi","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2019-04-10T12:23:25Z","title":"Better Safe Than Sorry: An Adversarial Approach to Improve Social Bot Detection"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1904.05132","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5fb760fe479ef949ab8547c034ef04f1a0f2e3ec4d01b17556b65c341f39a5ff","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7507aa77bae7ebd51b71e27a214bfd1b0f9c1deb467a1c70dab3612f604dbad4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2019-04-10T12:23:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"080b37bd0e95861d3f066e9f470b102241aff8663716fdcd94ea863c82ae9305"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1904.05132","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b8099f8aa5c49e7f68e8a42b67854e97697fd71451732abcc9ed3f15a9d67456","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b8099f8aa5c49e7f68e8a42b67854e97697fd71451732abcc9ed3f15a9d67456","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:54.062833Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:54.062833Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5qbZ3C0iBuhA2VdJFZHTVVGqTQbSUrDEdbTAQfpKTI3SdNJ6mYlmbSXs2j8TN8E/nR7hueUYyCM3RM9hGkMWBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:54.063328Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1904.05132","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5fb760fe479ef949ab8547c034ef04f1a0f2e3ec4d01b17556b65c341f39a5ff","sha256:372cf06ed42953721da5e1b3cd9f5c33d89cbd40ceb2b0618705bd86e5fe89be"],"state_sha256":"3ca3a92d75c83011068d3cbec69a7ec2c0ea8019349b36cca697c6d7cd37a9e1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4xlOM6T87EZaw3hLQ9EPmx8rLq32OUTNUGFtmBEuL2sVvIagDHSBlPr1gKXyjbSGMVNHj5rUYabHCVmuv2OQDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T04:44:24.553154Z","bundle_sha256":"46ba9f6e198b88f367d69b8cf73024a092916c0034d5ffba8a3a31fb71b340f4"}}