{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:XC5AC45OH4GCOGQVNWHR7SV575","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"46a5740ec1672e65cf5d119d1481f95c2354ebd8574d6c2a4ef6bcb68a222baf","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-19T23:21:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"c450ba2aafd0438baf42d9fcb9713b983b313759e9552aa2e3762f1cf608f6d6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.07102","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.07102","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.07102v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.07102","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XC5AC45OH4GC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XC5AC45OH4GCOGQV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XC5AC45O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a5fff8d3ffdecc3ebecccd9892995947cf064135096229c9c657540e8aa5e683","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A continuing challenge in material science is how to create active materials in which shape changes or displacements can be generated electrically or thermally. Here we borrow principles from hydraulics, in particular that confined geometries can be used to focus expansion into large displacements, to create solid materials with amplified shape changes. Specifically, we confined an elastomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane) sheet between two more rigid layers and caused focused expansion into embossed channels by local resistive heating, resulting in a 10x greater relative displacement than the unconf","authors_text":"Amber L Thomas, Canh T Nguyen, Chad Viergever, Feiqiao Yu, Ismail E Araci, Jack T Andraka, Jason W Khoo, Jonathan B Li, Kevin Aliado, Michael Robles, Mika Jain, Morgan L Paull, Nate J Cira, Stephen R Quake","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-19T23:21:41Z","title":"Elastomeric focusing enables application of hydraulic principles to solid materials in order to create micromechanical actuators with giant displacements"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.07102","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f1517d4451e46f996113f606ee644cde1d6d384f9af9ef3ae251af1478e2926d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"46a5740ec1672e65cf5d119d1481f95c2354ebd8574d6c2a4ef6bcb68a222baf","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-19T23:21:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"c450ba2aafd0438baf42d9fcb9713b983b313759e9552aa2e3762f1cf608f6d6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.07102","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b8ba0173ae3f0c271a156d8f1fcabdff5e38a663985c4b843aba37eb513e7a58","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b8ba0173ae3f0c271a156d8f1fcabdff5e38a663985c4b843aba37eb513e7a58","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:10.930076Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:10.930076Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"jd/PRLeR5AVUM8MBRV965MRZvcqtJm+hBLt6+gTJSu6cj2rjgxU/8jWB6yQRAK4Enm3DLdzustbw3ag8WZEdDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:10.930772Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1711.07102","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f1517d4451e46f996113f606ee644cde1d6d384f9af9ef3ae251af1478e2926d","sha256:a5fff8d3ffdecc3ebecccd9892995947cf064135096229c9c657540e8aa5e683"],"state_sha256":"5f0ac7555f9b3e02a10e3394d98b579eb8437beb97514403c2801ccf4f90151e"}