{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:XC5KZ5ZF255Q33YVZD565NAJKR","short_pith_number":"pith:XC5KZ5ZF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.02065","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-04T17:19:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"2d500b7516024c5424e974ba97b2afe0566de850fbccb8af6e635b476c29ae22","abstract_canon_sha256":"9807fb7acdf68d8f6446a997fe6507dcf3969816af362be70a436caeee37bc0d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b8baacf725d77b0def15c8fbeeb409546abe83cc3bfc6501e7a69726d3e6d2d8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2312.02065","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.02065","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.02065v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.02065","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XC5KZ5ZF255Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XC5KZ5ZF255Q33YV","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XC5KZ5ZF","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:XC5KZ5ZF255Q33YVZD565NAJKR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.02065","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-04T17:19:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"2d500b7516024c5424e974ba97b2afe0566de850fbccb8af6e635b476c29ae22","abstract_canon_sha256":"9807fb7acdf68d8f6446a997fe6507dcf3969816af362be70a436caeee37bc0d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b8baacf725d77b0def15c8fbeeb409546abe83cc3bfc6501e7a69726d3e6d2d8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03.318076Z","signature_b64":"V/OIyGwqQz8CVgu2erQuLS7zvb+mP4nVZvFpbLniD9p1tDXhnou7GxEmSDYZyh+9wnph6hOXg1kzJhfEcUytAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b8baacf725d77b0def15c8fbeeb409546abe83cc3bfc6501e7a69726d3e6d2d8","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03.317559Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03.317559Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2312.02065","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rbNyEzsGkbQ7bkj1fCtb/yEMtxNTLlfUFkiun98JsmAdyCzOeYk0XxxVutzs4At5HDL1Zqmec+zDASOifAEHBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T23:46:09.654262Z"},"content_sha256":"52bbe70556e56db9c12c18dbea9280c044cac8515b40631e852e665556a46f92","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:52bbe70556e56db9c12c18dbea9280c044cac8515b40631e852e665556a46f92"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:XC5KZ5ZF255Q33YVZD565NAJKR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Know Your Audience: Do LLMs Adapt to Different Age and Education Levels?","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Amanda Cercas Curry, Dirk Hovy, Donya Rooein","submitted_at":"2023-12-04T17:19:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) offer a range of new possibilities, including adapting the text to different audiences and their reading needs. But how well do they adapt? We evaluate the readability of answers generated by four state-of-the-art LLMs (commercial and open-source) to science questions when prompted to target different age groups and education levels. To assess the adaptability of LLMs to diverse audiences, we compare the readability scores of the generated responses against the recommended comprehension level of each age and education group. We find large variations in the readabil"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.02065","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2312.02065/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"s0tuJ8uJXes/f/ut7ZZSdrxVj+nP3FPuhhi7Gj1UYdHEMNR+xfSMB1AcaeskdSF5Uvjnr7ugDn2btkE6//zEDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T23:46:09.655257Z"},"content_sha256":"0b08dabc28c083694ef9c2e5d009dcc8fbbce511f4d8aa75a3a5489fd874545f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0b08dabc28c083694ef9c2e5d009dcc8fbbce511f4d8aa75a3a5489fd874545f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XC5KZ5ZF255Q33YVZD565NAJKR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XC5KZ5ZF255Q33YVZD565NAJKR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XC5KZ5ZF255Q33YVZD565NAJKR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T23:46:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XC5KZ5ZF255Q33YVZD565NAJKR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XC5KZ5ZF255Q33YVZD565NAJKR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XC5KZ5ZF255Q33YVZD565NAJKR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XC5KZ5ZF255Q33YVZD565NAJKR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:XC5KZ5ZF255Q33YVZD565NAJKR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9807fb7acdf68d8f6446a997fe6507dcf3969816af362be70a436caeee37bc0d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-04T17:19:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"2d500b7516024c5424e974ba97b2afe0566de850fbccb8af6e635b476c29ae22"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.02065","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.02065","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.02065v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.02065","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XC5KZ5ZF255Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XC5KZ5ZF255Q33YV","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XC5KZ5ZF","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0b08dabc28c083694ef9c2e5d009dcc8fbbce511f4d8aa75a3a5489fd874545f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2312.02065/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) offer a range of new possibilities, including adapting the text to different audiences and their reading needs. But how well do they adapt? We evaluate the readability of answers generated by four state-of-the-art LLMs (commercial and open-source) to science questions when prompted to target different age groups and education levels. To assess the adaptability of LLMs to diverse audiences, we compare the readability scores of the generated responses against the recommended comprehension level of each age and education group. We find large variations in the readabil","authors_text":"Amanda Cercas Curry, Dirk Hovy, Donya Rooein","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-04T17:19:53Z","title":"Know Your Audience: Do LLMs Adapt to Different Age and Education Levels?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.02065","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:52bbe70556e56db9c12c18dbea9280c044cac8515b40631e852e665556a46f92","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9807fb7acdf68d8f6446a997fe6507dcf3969816af362be70a436caeee37bc0d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-04T17:19:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"2d500b7516024c5424e974ba97b2afe0566de850fbccb8af6e635b476c29ae22"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.02065","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b8baacf725d77b0def15c8fbeeb409546abe83cc3bfc6501e7a69726d3e6d2d8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b8baacf725d77b0def15c8fbeeb409546abe83cc3bfc6501e7a69726d3e6d2d8","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03.317559Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03.317559Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"V/OIyGwqQz8CVgu2erQuLS7zvb+mP4nVZvFpbLniD9p1tDXhnou7GxEmSDYZyh+9wnph6hOXg1kzJhfEcUytAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:03.318076Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2312.02065","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:52bbe70556e56db9c12c18dbea9280c044cac8515b40631e852e665556a46f92","sha256:0b08dabc28c083694ef9c2e5d009dcc8fbbce511f4d8aa75a3a5489fd874545f"],"state_sha256":"3c3c47831026876bfb4ed38ce715434a4fd2b2a31b41a7e0db545a8edb3829f2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Vc24lrvfeKzb+G3znB2rvOMUPyVkRI7wwdq9cmZ6r04x7B95gHOR2tthupLnKWLUd7DsmDIwIhUwhivD8d5CDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T23:46:09.662316Z","bundle_sha256":"c99a05e92674495edcf076a24fa6cff7a06c7a0dd44778f6a4fa9ae1e8671c6c"}}