{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1993:XD6QJGWKIFHZZQ4TSE7A54G5E7","short_pith_number":"pith:XD6QJGWK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-th/9310190","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1993-10-29T03:23:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"70440f8f1eccd9b7391dbb46ba316c5a0b463f16fc4e371abd34f5c7952ec7f7","abstract_canon_sha256":"d27a20f716283a95abdccbbf2ed4e0f5d9ee8faa2e02ff1d948fc9f88e4e7890"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b8fd049aca414f9cc393913e0ef0dd27d259986274b00910a65ac27ee1edba67","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"hep-th/9310190","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-th/9310190","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-th/9310190v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9310190","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XD6QJGWKIFHZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XD6QJGWKIFHZZQ4T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XD6QJGWK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1993:XD6QJGWKIFHZZQ4TSE7A54G5E7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-th/9310190","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1993-10-29T03:23:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"70440f8f1eccd9b7391dbb46ba316c5a0b463f16fc4e371abd34f5c7952ec7f7","abstract_canon_sha256":"d27a20f716283a95abdccbbf2ed4e0f5d9ee8faa2e02ff1d948fc9f88e4e7890"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b8fd049aca414f9cc393913e0ef0dd27d259986274b00910a65ac27ee1edba67","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:21.323626Z","signature_b64":"+pJ/i/utsbeKIBrcpAEb9kRp2uV3w/sBR4Mnh3Yqgk7OzGIdwGvL39rOHrifdxUHAPWlW4LNi0kgR4Ei0whEBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b8fd049aca414f9cc393913e0ef0dd27d259986274b00910a65ac27ee1edba67","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:21.323180Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:21.323180Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"hep-th/9310190","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"38J3ceeVWdXIEIgNA5UY2FY+bj2suQI2l78BrJ7xO8ps8Wl5kU2gIjixjktlaAcq0Ce6Umte8aUowx2OTk7HDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T07:56:53.305271Z"},"content_sha256":"add9c710f4131057593a3af11cbdff41a12c83d4c986abc2cb8c1b59769785ef","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:add9c710f4131057593a3af11cbdff41a12c83d4c986abc2cb8c1b59769785ef"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1993:XD6QJGWKIFHZZQ4TSE7A54G5E7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Time-Dependent Backgrounds in 2D String Theory and the $S$-matrix Generating Functional","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Julian Lee","submitted_at":"1993-10-29T03:23:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the time-dependent tachyon backgrounds of the string collective field theory using the formalism of the $S$-matrix generating functional. In the process we clarify the connection between two ways of calculating the $S$-matrix, the one using the Feynman rule and the other using the classical solution to the nonlinear equation of motion. We develop the formalism for general backgrounds and apply it to the gravitational sine-Gordon model in detail. We reproduce the conformal field theory calculation which was based on expanding around the static $c=1$ theory. Furthermore, we prove that t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-th/9310190","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"26R8SCWehTwMSjy7tbhjQ9ooPuvMtiIgLMbyowbmxRnBXbg1ZsIv49WC3kh7u/68rd7W1c6XwWmPv8GvNpbVAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T07:56:53.306001Z"},"content_sha256":"1128badf7c97a4f4467f87d3102735ba235c35bc2dbed2892b6cc65ca9c25839","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1128badf7c97a4f4467f87d3102735ba235c35bc2dbed2892b6cc65ca9c25839"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XD6QJGWKIFHZZQ4TSE7A54G5E7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XD6QJGWKIFHZZQ4TSE7A54G5E7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XD6QJGWKIFHZZQ4TSE7A54G5E7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-09T07:56:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XD6QJGWKIFHZZQ4TSE7A54G5E7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XD6QJGWKIFHZZQ4TSE7A54G5E7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XD6QJGWKIFHZZQ4TSE7A54G5E7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XD6QJGWKIFHZZQ4TSE7A54G5E7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1993:XD6QJGWKIFHZZQ4TSE7A54G5E7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d27a20f716283a95abdccbbf2ed4e0f5d9ee8faa2e02ff1d948fc9f88e4e7890","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1993-10-29T03:23:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"70440f8f1eccd9b7391dbb46ba316c5a0b463f16fc4e371abd34f5c7952ec7f7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-th/9310190","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-th/9310190","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-th/9310190v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9310190","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XD6QJGWKIFHZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XD6QJGWKIFHZZQ4T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XD6QJGWK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1128badf7c97a4f4467f87d3102735ba235c35bc2dbed2892b6cc65ca9c25839","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study the time-dependent tachyon backgrounds of the string collective field theory using the formalism of the $S$-matrix generating functional. In the process we clarify the connection between two ways of calculating the $S$-matrix, the one using the Feynman rule and the other using the classical solution to the nonlinear equation of motion. We develop the formalism for general backgrounds and apply it to the gravitational sine-Gordon model in detail. We reproduce the conformal field theory calculation which was based on expanding around the static $c=1$ theory. Furthermore, we prove that t","authors_text":"Julian Lee","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1993-10-29T03:23:53Z","title":"Time-Dependent Backgrounds in 2D String Theory and the $S$-matrix Generating Functional"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-th/9310190","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:add9c710f4131057593a3af11cbdff41a12c83d4c986abc2cb8c1b59769785ef","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d27a20f716283a95abdccbbf2ed4e0f5d9ee8faa2e02ff1d948fc9f88e4e7890","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1993-10-29T03:23:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"70440f8f1eccd9b7391dbb46ba316c5a0b463f16fc4e371abd34f5c7952ec7f7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-th/9310190","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b8fd049aca414f9cc393913e0ef0dd27d259986274b00910a65ac27ee1edba67","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b8fd049aca414f9cc393913e0ef0dd27d259986274b00910a65ac27ee1edba67","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:21.323180Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:21.323180Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"+pJ/i/utsbeKIBrcpAEb9kRp2uV3w/sBR4Mnh3Yqgk7OzGIdwGvL39rOHrifdxUHAPWlW4LNi0kgR4Ei0whEBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:21.323626Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"hep-th/9310190","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:add9c710f4131057593a3af11cbdff41a12c83d4c986abc2cb8c1b59769785ef","sha256:1128badf7c97a4f4467f87d3102735ba235c35bc2dbed2892b6cc65ca9c25839"],"state_sha256":"e98b48e87c3fe8af93d93438fc061d191084014357df5b914a5dca39c8480b5e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Yyu2IIWYpAP/xw7U2+E22iSlYHN0yJ7WX+awDJg6LRrw9w1lT/EMEP7j1EpvxERlda1WmHqqvJmitB5RT+hSAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T07:56:53.310410Z","bundle_sha256":"298dd3efc6139d8ade98b464513a805b06f86020b0ac9ea520a977890f1703d7"}}