{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2019:XDHWNDMEYOGG73NZD6ORIO3IEJ","short_pith_number":"pith:XDHWNDME","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"b8cf668d84c38c6fedb91f9d143b68225411a2412f93fb87de5bb76f9f0f1af0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1909.00610","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Light path averages in spacetimes with non-vanishing average spatial curvature","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"S. M. Koksbang","submitted_at":"2019-09-02T09:05:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Effects of inhomogeneities on observations have been vastly studied using both perturbative methods, N-body simulations and Swiss cheese solutions to the Einstein equations. In nearly all cases, such studied setups assume vanishing spatial background curvature. While a spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker model is in accordance with observations, a non-vanishing curvature is not ruled out. It is therefore important to note that, as has been pointed out in the literature, 1 dimensional averages might not converge to volume averages in non-Euclidean space. If this is indeed the cas"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1909.00610","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2019-09-02T09:05:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"56e1a183700e658807cf618181affdb9137171d0bea6f71dd7eaf4eacf6d0345","abstract_canon_sha256":"b791397e83244f8dc314e39616a8e654a721d7024846fb68b191b6055f09bcc7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:07:37.485560Z","signature_b64":"wGYWmu///oHol1DU+XSyOvElpE6evIcABfM0sz7EB8Y3cR/YsAhzGe3wyAM9TJ7GaRjKhzkLbI/ato9LpXOlAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b8cf668d84c38c6fedb91f9d143b68225411a2412f93fb87de5bb76f9f0f1af0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:07:37.485050Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:07:37.485050Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Light path averages in spacetimes with non-vanishing average spatial curvature","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"S. M. Koksbang","submitted_at":"2019-09-02T09:05:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Effects of inhomogeneities on observations have been vastly studied using both perturbative methods, N-body simulations and Swiss cheese solutions to the Einstein equations. In nearly all cases, such studied setups assume vanishing spatial background curvature. While a spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker model is in accordance with observations, a non-vanishing curvature is not ruled out. It is therefore important to note that, as has been pointed out in the literature, 1 dimensional averages might not converge to volume averages in non-Euclidean space. If this is indeed the cas"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.00610","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1909.00610/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.00610","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:07:37.485097+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.00610v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:07:37.485097+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.00610","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:07:37.485097+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XDHWNDMEYOGG","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:07:37.485097+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XDHWNDMEYOGG73NZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:07:37.485097+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XDHWNDME","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:07:37.485097+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/XDHWNDMEYOGG73NZD6ORIO3IEJ","json":"https://pith.science/pith/XDHWNDMEYOGG73NZD6ORIO3IEJ.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XDHWNDMEYOGG73NZD6ORIO3IEJ/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XDHWNDMEYOGG73NZD6ORIO3IEJ/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/XDHWNDME"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/XDHWNDMEYOGG73NZD6ORIO3IEJ","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/XDHWNDMEYOGG73NZD6ORIO3IEJ.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/XDHWNDME","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1909.00610&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XDHWNDMEYOGG73NZD6ORIO3IEJ/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XDHWNDMEYOGG73NZD6ORIO3IEJ/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/XDHWNDMEYOGG73NZD6ORIO3IEJ/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/XDHWNDMEYOGG73NZD6ORIO3IEJ/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/XDHWNDMEYOGG73NZD6ORIO3IEJ/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/XDHWNDMEYOGG73NZD6ORIO3IEJ/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/XDHWNDMEYOGG73NZD6ORIO3IEJ/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:07:37.485097+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T00:07:37.485097+00:00"}