{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2003:XDWAFM7YSDNIBFEOCC3SXCZJDA","short_pith_number":"pith:XDWAFM7Y","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"cond-mat/0306640","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2003-06-25T11:28:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"title_canon_sha256":"6ecbee1cf7ecd698ccc5b7f94ad15c963355eb933256fcafb3be187b64657563","abstract_canon_sha256":"4bcb57f1acad1ca28d909bc72004f05d571404e0d8503754295edbdef49c31c1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b8ec02b3f890da80948e10b72b8b291835e22fa45c3ffd3cabd05854f8c54eda","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"cond-mat/0306640","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"cond-mat/0306640","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"cond-mat/0306640v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0306640","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XDWAFM7YSDNI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XDWAFM7YSDNIBFEO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XDWAFM7Y","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2003:XDWAFM7YSDNIBFEOCC3SXCZJDA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"cond-mat/0306640","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2003-06-25T11:28:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"title_canon_sha256":"6ecbee1cf7ecd698ccc5b7f94ad15c963355eb933256fcafb3be187b64657563","abstract_canon_sha256":"4bcb57f1acad1ca28d909bc72004f05d571404e0d8503754295edbdef49c31c1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b8ec02b3f890da80948e10b72b8b291835e22fa45c3ffd3cabd05854f8c54eda","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:57.197903Z","signature_b64":"146cj2lQGlZzTC+1QFQ0gP8SYo/Ydjrg3U2mkAg1FjRj3+1YYCrfRsCWoK9KZB3/FzjFTPlW9VJaCVOd2R+TCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b8ec02b3f890da80948e10b72b8b291835e22fa45c3ffd3cabd05854f8c54eda","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:57.197044Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:57.197044Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"cond-mat/0306640","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hGaVHlWVFcOJ4Cv/w47MFuees4Rh+LSiOaIuuUA90JjT1JJ9KaH1Krme5Pel8ysGO4pj40JbYYpI51AgWNPlDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T06:36:28.928486Z"},"content_sha256":"73efe9ded4c9cd4e5326e2505b6d97a615b8c464b244045f7da155235cc9d255","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:73efe9ded4c9cd4e5326e2505b6d97a615b8c464b244045f7da155235cc9d255"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2003:XDWAFM7YSDNIBFEOCC3SXCZJDA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Spontaneous Ratchet Effect in a Granular Gas","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Detlef Lohse, Devaraj van der Meer, Ko van der Weele, Peter Reimann","submitted_at":"2003-06-25T11:28:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"The spontaneous clustering of a vibrofluidized granular gas is employed to generate directed transport in two different compartmentalized systems: a \"granular fountain\" in which the transport takes the form of convection rolls, and a \"granular ratchet\" with a spontaneous particle current perpendicular to the direction of energy input. In both instances, transport is not due to any system-intrinsic anisotropy, but arises as a spontaneous collective symmetry breaking effect of many interacting granular particles. The experimental and numerical results are quantitatively accounted for within a fl"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"cond-mat/0306640","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TUODzV4eU0flZ7kT5BTXBcc7QrzGi9JtqDR6Xqcfxa2IBxBSDc1Dpd28E/Daryvyiu4h0nO3BnJwN0MHtfqLCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T06:36:28.929223Z"},"content_sha256":"b53a35d180ef115d8507999af8b818b561b7fee41cb7ed39eab17b37db40d172","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b53a35d180ef115d8507999af8b818b561b7fee41cb7ed39eab17b37db40d172"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XDWAFM7YSDNIBFEOCC3SXCZJDA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XDWAFM7YSDNIBFEOCC3SXCZJDA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XDWAFM7YSDNIBFEOCC3SXCZJDA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-11T06:36:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XDWAFM7YSDNIBFEOCC3SXCZJDA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XDWAFM7YSDNIBFEOCC3SXCZJDA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XDWAFM7YSDNIBFEOCC3SXCZJDA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XDWAFM7YSDNIBFEOCC3SXCZJDA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2003:XDWAFM7YSDNIBFEOCC3SXCZJDA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4bcb57f1acad1ca28d909bc72004f05d571404e0d8503754295edbdef49c31c1","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2003-06-25T11:28:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"6ecbee1cf7ecd698ccc5b7f94ad15c963355eb933256fcafb3be187b64657563"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"cond-mat/0306640","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"cond-mat/0306640","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"cond-mat/0306640v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0306640","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XDWAFM7YSDNI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XDWAFM7YSDNIBFEO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XDWAFM7Y","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b53a35d180ef115d8507999af8b818b561b7fee41cb7ed39eab17b37db40d172","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The spontaneous clustering of a vibrofluidized granular gas is employed to generate directed transport in two different compartmentalized systems: a \"granular fountain\" in which the transport takes the form of convection rolls, and a \"granular ratchet\" with a spontaneous particle current perpendicular to the direction of energy input. In both instances, transport is not due to any system-intrinsic anisotropy, but arises as a spontaneous collective symmetry breaking effect of many interacting granular particles. The experimental and numerical results are quantitatively accounted for within a fl","authors_text":"Detlef Lohse, Devaraj van der Meer, Ko van der Weele, Peter Reimann","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2003-06-25T11:28:53Z","title":"Spontaneous Ratchet Effect in a Granular Gas"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"cond-mat/0306640","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:73efe9ded4c9cd4e5326e2505b6d97a615b8c464b244045f7da155235cc9d255","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4bcb57f1acad1ca28d909bc72004f05d571404e0d8503754295edbdef49c31c1","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2003-06-25T11:28:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"6ecbee1cf7ecd698ccc5b7f94ad15c963355eb933256fcafb3be187b64657563"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"cond-mat/0306640","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"b8ec02b3f890da80948e10b72b8b291835e22fa45c3ffd3cabd05854f8c54eda","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b8ec02b3f890da80948e10b72b8b291835e22fa45c3ffd3cabd05854f8c54eda","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:57.197044Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:57.197044Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"146cj2lQGlZzTC+1QFQ0gP8SYo/Ydjrg3U2mkAg1FjRj3+1YYCrfRsCWoK9KZB3/FzjFTPlW9VJaCVOd2R+TCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:57.197903Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"cond-mat/0306640","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:73efe9ded4c9cd4e5326e2505b6d97a615b8c464b244045f7da155235cc9d255","sha256:b53a35d180ef115d8507999af8b818b561b7fee41cb7ed39eab17b37db40d172"],"state_sha256":"783ac15593b6fb5a54e0746ad5c11948480015274b2dd00fb6e7df42616dfccd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"azT9Zb5zEv3cYn+zF++G3pXow6fnbSrl0NfZiA2hqiZazrVk1FfmGixNxfgRUmGrodi+hYwNIWKlyLtDi9o7Aw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T06:36:28.933396Z","bundle_sha256":"bb2f3530fd30d8baaec166c29fc523ad178c29f0ebf6a53f31dac43c89e00bc8"}}