{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:XFFQNNAKQNPETOG5YMCZNKVJGH","short_pith_number":"pith:XFFQNNAK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2209.03865","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-09-08T15:08:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.GT"],"title_canon_sha256":"ed2ed98433f4cda73afd089c689d97722eaed0902c7fbb0ee39d4f9f947fd799","abstract_canon_sha256":"58b5b90cb0e6cbe22a41e0082dcc129efb3fb2175885bce76b5cd3b7c7856e9f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b94b06b40a835e49b8ddc30596aaa931d31b7e9bb5b90d989f90414ae810f011","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2209.03865","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2209.03865","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2209.03865v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2209.03865","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XFFQNNAKQNPE","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XFFQNNAKQNPETOG5","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XFFQNNAK","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:XFFQNNAKQNPETOG5YMCZNKVJGH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2209.03865","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-09-08T15:08:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.GT"],"title_canon_sha256":"ed2ed98433f4cda73afd089c689d97722eaed0902c7fbb0ee39d4f9f947fd799","abstract_canon_sha256":"58b5b90cb0e6cbe22a41e0082dcc129efb3fb2175885bce76b5cd3b7c7856e9f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b94b06b40a835e49b8ddc30596aaa931d31b7e9bb5b90d989f90414ae810f011","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46.570551Z","signature_b64":"e8sZ69Xo9p3mH3EQ1mnNjNdnEUVY+SQj53+mu+MDi6DcI+vaJN1ssUVAL5jS5NqbvxwCku8ZZE845GSqIzHvBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b94b06b40a835e49b8ddc30596aaa931d31b7e9bb5b90d989f90414ae810f011","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46.570105Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46.570105Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2209.03865","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Jyb58WFoGPhZhFlqypOOLwYw41IU15UyXntI+GTwBjN3V4gNqiM6wTNhCGdogxR79Ua45SNTXpPkNDg2ncPsCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T18:11:26.452708Z"},"content_sha256":"863938c214305ca2891fd92d756fd06f9c02cdccfafea47dd8c740dc672c5d31","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:863938c214305ca2891fd92d756fd06f9c02cdccfafea47dd8c740dc672c5d31"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:XFFQNNAKQNPETOG5YMCZNKVJGH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Challenges of Proof-of-Useful-Work (PoUW)","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.GT"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Felix Hoffmann","submitted_at":"2022-09-08T15:08:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"Proof-of-Work (PoW) is a popular blockchain consensus algorithm that is used in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin in which hashing operations are repeated until the resulting hash has certain properties. This approach uses lots of computational power and energy for the sole purpose of securing the blockchain. In order to not waste energy on hashing operations that do not have any other purpose than enabling consensus between nodes and therefore securing the blockchain, Proof-of-Useful-Work (PoUW) is an alternative approach which aims to replace excessive usage of hash functions with tasks that bri"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2209.03865","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2209.03865/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qLw49wvO5xsQLddoT/wh7NZj6QhMXAQ35xfuHHDzkiIKeyCE46lrNm3XPPqaXjzm7ARpbiPFORJbwQE4DGlvCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T18:11:26.453089Z"},"content_sha256":"7122ef1ab96a4bc8e3951afca1d81e4b8eaad1e2695e617df7344967a906edb5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7122ef1ab96a4bc8e3951afca1d81e4b8eaad1e2695e617df7344967a906edb5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XFFQNNAKQNPETOG5YMCZNKVJGH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XFFQNNAKQNPETOG5YMCZNKVJGH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XFFQNNAKQNPETOG5YMCZNKVJGH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T18:11:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XFFQNNAKQNPETOG5YMCZNKVJGH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XFFQNNAKQNPETOG5YMCZNKVJGH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XFFQNNAKQNPETOG5YMCZNKVJGH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XFFQNNAKQNPETOG5YMCZNKVJGH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:XFFQNNAKQNPETOG5YMCZNKVJGH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"58b5b90cb0e6cbe22a41e0082dcc129efb3fb2175885bce76b5cd3b7c7856e9f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.GT"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-09-08T15:08:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"ed2ed98433f4cda73afd089c689d97722eaed0902c7fbb0ee39d4f9f947fd799"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2209.03865","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2209.03865","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2209.03865v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2209.03865","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XFFQNNAKQNPE","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XFFQNNAKQNPETOG5","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XFFQNNAK","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7122ef1ab96a4bc8e3951afca1d81e4b8eaad1e2695e617df7344967a906edb5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2209.03865/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Proof-of-Work (PoW) is a popular blockchain consensus algorithm that is used in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin in which hashing operations are repeated until the resulting hash has certain properties. This approach uses lots of computational power and energy for the sole purpose of securing the blockchain. In order to not waste energy on hashing operations that do not have any other purpose than enabling consensus between nodes and therefore securing the blockchain, Proof-of-Useful-Work (PoUW) is an alternative approach which aims to replace excessive usage of hash functions with tasks that bri","authors_text":"Felix Hoffmann","cross_cats":["cs.GT"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-09-08T15:08:18Z","title":"Challenges of Proof-of-Useful-Work (PoUW)"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2209.03865","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:863938c214305ca2891fd92d756fd06f9c02cdccfafea47dd8c740dc672c5d31","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"58b5b90cb0e6cbe22a41e0082dcc129efb3fb2175885bce76b5cd3b7c7856e9f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.GT"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-09-08T15:08:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"ed2ed98433f4cda73afd089c689d97722eaed0902c7fbb0ee39d4f9f947fd799"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2209.03865","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b94b06b40a835e49b8ddc30596aaa931d31b7e9bb5b90d989f90414ae810f011","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b94b06b40a835e49b8ddc30596aaa931d31b7e9bb5b90d989f90414ae810f011","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46.570105Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46.570105Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"e8sZ69Xo9p3mH3EQ1mnNjNdnEUVY+SQj53+mu+MDi6DcI+vaJN1ssUVAL5jS5NqbvxwCku8ZZE845GSqIzHvBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:55:46.570551Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2209.03865","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:863938c214305ca2891fd92d756fd06f9c02cdccfafea47dd8c740dc672c5d31","sha256:7122ef1ab96a4bc8e3951afca1d81e4b8eaad1e2695e617df7344967a906edb5"],"state_sha256":"36fb06df6ccd8a46bddbefad95e5d389a1005e960f8c740a7da661906881a311"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"82DKz/0khxkH4yndBkGqHFEx6d+zXzhIm2l9fssWlGJQYlazmhjGla+wJ2ISXzamVeZHgdZmq6do/0gLhxJ1Cg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T18:11:26.456292Z","bundle_sha256":"4dc9b7ec5b7b7ee7b24edfb5880b385d842a43f817967e8641b18af75d48d975"}}