{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:XFH44COMPMI2AUXC5UUGGPXMSI","short_pith_number":"pith:XFH44COM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.07175","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-11T17:56:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e1a0e422c7394d69e15520a4565258db394f0c38d5339ee057c71083b3829292","abstract_canon_sha256":"8330656d5a5ffcf3840f15017f0a63a0f7161144e911e7fb14de5bdd74e4bca5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b94fce09cc7b11a052e2ed28633eec92140737f9f5c8312a050fbe837e78bf8e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2411.07175","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.07175","created_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.07175v3","created_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.07175","created_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XFH44COMPMI2","created_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XFH44COMPMI2AUXC","created_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XFH44COM","created_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:XFH44COMPMI2AUXC5UUGGPXMSI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.07175","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-11T17:56:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e1a0e422c7394d69e15520a4565258db394f0c38d5339ee057c71083b3829292","abstract_canon_sha256":"8330656d5a5ffcf3840f15017f0a63a0f7161144e911e7fb14de5bdd74e4bca5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b94fce09cc7b11a052e2ed28633eec92140737f9f5c8312a050fbe837e78bf8e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00.988486Z","signature_b64":"qECdRP0il4wZ0/6DmsJAgtWQeWcX/Acrr40QY3i5LUN5zR6DuvCSbmuEDlQOsrq2MgTLhmzgeRJN2YHjlMuBDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b94fce09cc7b11a052e2ed28633eec92140737f9f5c8312a050fbe837e78bf8e","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00.987965Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00.987965Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2411.07175","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"seZVKa0wm2hrg01sEIjClbpnj4ebkwm5LxhpQfUFzAPME/tcGGDF7HP6EPeQAbx+rH2dXci3N8fiZ8rEcBrCDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T00:06:03.939369Z"},"content_sha256":"ac2b3d938f6be0471d1f8677bdab00881d2855c017d0d313ce405e9a6cf25adc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ac2b3d938f6be0471d1f8677bdab00881d2855c017d0d313ce405e9a6cf25adc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:XFH44COMPMI2AUXC5UUGGPXMSI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Continual Memorization of Factoids in Language Models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Adithya Bhaskar, Dan Friedman, Danqi Chen, Howard Chen, Jiayi Geng","submitted_at":"2024-11-11T17:56:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"As new knowledge rapidly accumulates, language models (LMs) with pretrained knowledge quickly become obsolete. A common approach to updating LMs is fine-tuning them directly on new knowledge. However, recent studies have shown that fine-tuning for memorization may be ineffective in storing knowledge or may exacerbate hallucinations. In this work, we introduce a setting we call continual memorization, where a model must memorize and retain a set of factoids through multiple stages of fine-tuning on subsequent datasets. We characterized the forgetting patterns through extensive experiments and s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.07175","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2411.07175/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fG/YLKcXcRDBJ0URARGoOCXtlKo7pU/pkMkV03P+ZH00iJVznkCP/9FvXLTBgXXjlsSkkixhhzdbs2vQ6O7/Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T00:06:03.939772Z"},"content_sha256":"b162c7d0a01998ebce331b651074cb7e42461eee1a655b24c51415c38b95644f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b162c7d0a01998ebce331b651074cb7e42461eee1a655b24c51415c38b95644f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XFH44COMPMI2AUXC5UUGGPXMSI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XFH44COMPMI2AUXC5UUGGPXMSI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XFH44COMPMI2AUXC5UUGGPXMSI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-02T00:06:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XFH44COMPMI2AUXC5UUGGPXMSI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XFH44COMPMI2AUXC5UUGGPXMSI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XFH44COMPMI2AUXC5UUGGPXMSI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XFH44COMPMI2AUXC5UUGGPXMSI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:XFH44COMPMI2AUXC5UUGGPXMSI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8330656d5a5ffcf3840f15017f0a63a0f7161144e911e7fb14de5bdd74e4bca5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-11T17:56:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"e1a0e422c7394d69e15520a4565258db394f0c38d5339ee057c71083b3829292"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.07175","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.07175","created_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.07175v3","created_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.07175","created_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XFH44COMPMI2","created_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XFH44COMPMI2AUXC","created_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XFH44COM","created_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b162c7d0a01998ebce331b651074cb7e42461eee1a655b24c51415c38b95644f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2411.07175/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"As new knowledge rapidly accumulates, language models (LMs) with pretrained knowledge quickly become obsolete. A common approach to updating LMs is fine-tuning them directly on new knowledge. However, recent studies have shown that fine-tuning for memorization may be ineffective in storing knowledge or may exacerbate hallucinations. In this work, we introduce a setting we call continual memorization, where a model must memorize and retain a set of factoids through multiple stages of fine-tuning on subsequent datasets. We characterized the forgetting patterns through extensive experiments and s","authors_text":"Adithya Bhaskar, Dan Friedman, Danqi Chen, Howard Chen, Jiayi Geng","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-11T17:56:15Z","title":"Continual Memorization of Factoids in Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.07175","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ac2b3d938f6be0471d1f8677bdab00881d2855c017d0d313ce405e9a6cf25adc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8330656d5a5ffcf3840f15017f0a63a0f7161144e911e7fb14de5bdd74e4bca5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-11T17:56:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"e1a0e422c7394d69e15520a4565258db394f0c38d5339ee057c71083b3829292"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.07175","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"b94fce09cc7b11a052e2ed28633eec92140737f9f5c8312a050fbe837e78bf8e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b94fce09cc7b11a052e2ed28633eec92140737f9f5c8312a050fbe837e78bf8e","first_computed_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00.987965Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00.987965Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"qECdRP0il4wZ0/6DmsJAgtWQeWcX/Acrr40QY3i5LUN5zR6DuvCSbmuEDlQOsrq2MgTLhmzgeRJN2YHjlMuBDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-06-29T01:14:00.988486Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2411.07175","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ac2b3d938f6be0471d1f8677bdab00881d2855c017d0d313ce405e9a6cf25adc","sha256:b162c7d0a01998ebce331b651074cb7e42461eee1a655b24c51415c38b95644f"],"state_sha256":"c96c7f0b63cd92854208204b1788709b61c66b5de6007794b6b35fa1ddac01e7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0jbnEPb1uuy1pNC8h65a3/FFZMDKkZKsIphnW1NHjYXMxOm0uGnSab/xpTkECSqjOkUggjbMIxxQEYHdXaimAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T00:06:03.942468Z","bundle_sha256":"7c978724a784ab12d475daecb62933d937022cb6321509f5fa324173fd4c300e"}}