{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2015:XFPQZYHZM5DHAGE4ERQ5P453OG","short_pith_number":"pith:XFPQZYHZ","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"b95f0ce0f9674670189c2461d7f3bb718b461d210f019c2da158ff151818f879","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1511.02823","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Negative Probabilities and Contextuality","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["quant-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.data-an","authors_text":"Gary Oas, J. Acacio de Barros, Janne Kujala","submitted_at":"2015-11-09T20:10:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"There has been a growing interest, both in physics and psychology, in understanding contextuality in experimentally observed quantities. Different approaches have been proposed to deal with contextual systems, and a promising one is contextuality-by-default, put forth by Dzhafarov and Kujala. The goal of this paper is to present a tutorial on a different approach: negative probabilities. We do so by presenting the overall theory of negative probabilities in a way that is consistent with contextuality-by-default and by examining with this theory some simple examples where contextuality appears,"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1511.02823","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.data-an","submitted_at":"2015-11-09T20:10:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"d893b8426a6d9d729ca5fc909d44169d7b6761e1d909bd43c7bf851371f3cfcb","abstract_canon_sha256":"78d1e073c43e4a795e8293055cf8ae6c7a3d8cfb37e25239ca91558df84af80d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:27:29.254122Z","signature_b64":"SIzMhgjuK28RnK7CfX5KntBlEVeyIFCgrjpe79VsI3NkIa3DakTstBqWgoVSF3Vv8kl4giT8jI6FPOfxxnroAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b95f0ce0f9674670189c2461d7f3bb718b461d210f019c2da158ff151818f879","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:27:29.253289Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:27:29.253289Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Negative Probabilities and Contextuality","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["quant-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.data-an","authors_text":"Gary Oas, J. Acacio de Barros, Janne Kujala","submitted_at":"2015-11-09T20:10:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"There has been a growing interest, both in physics and psychology, in understanding contextuality in experimentally observed quantities. Different approaches have been proposed to deal with contextual systems, and a promising one is contextuality-by-default, put forth by Dzhafarov and Kujala. The goal of this paper is to present a tutorial on a different approach: negative probabilities. We do so by presenting the overall theory of negative probabilities in a way that is consistent with contextuality-by-default and by examining with this theory some simple examples where contextuality appears,"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1511.02823","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1511.02823","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:27:29.253442+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1511.02823v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:27:29.253442+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1511.02823","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:27:29.253442+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XFPQZYHZM5DH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50.041715+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XFPQZYHZM5DHAGE4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50.041715+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XFPQZYHZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50.041715+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/XFPQZYHZM5DHAGE4ERQ5P453OG","json":"https://pith.science/pith/XFPQZYHZM5DHAGE4ERQ5P453OG.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XFPQZYHZM5DHAGE4ERQ5P453OG/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XFPQZYHZM5DHAGE4ERQ5P453OG/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/XFPQZYHZ"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/XFPQZYHZM5DHAGE4ERQ5P453OG","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/XFPQZYHZM5DHAGE4ERQ5P453OG.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/XFPQZYHZ","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1511.02823&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XFPQZYHZM5DHAGE4ERQ5P453OG/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XFPQZYHZM5DHAGE4ERQ5P453OG/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/XFPQZYHZM5DHAGE4ERQ5P453OG/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/XFPQZYHZM5DHAGE4ERQ5P453OG/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/XFPQZYHZM5DHAGE4ERQ5P453OG/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/XFPQZYHZM5DHAGE4ERQ5P453OG/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/XFPQZYHZM5DHAGE4ERQ5P453OG/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:27:29.253442+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:27:29.253442+00:00"}