{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:XFQGCMNS4ZWDYRTZLDR5HR2XWM","short_pith_number":"pith:XFQGCMNS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1301.5783","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2013-01-24T14:02:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"17998dae69b1fe5629b6bdc87ff98182f55691a11f7707c7af679bf8f12ebc2c","abstract_canon_sha256":"a5bcdd291d51ce62fbc136e48070295264facf43623ed0051de750aa2e4fc584"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b9606131b2e66c3c467958e3d3c757b33326b309eec6b8f4f61323f585dea3c5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1301.5783","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1301.5783","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:51:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1301.5783v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:51:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1301.5783","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:51:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XFQGCMNS4ZWD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XFQGCMNS4ZWDYRTZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XFQGCMNS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:XFQGCMNS4ZWDYRTZLDR5HR2XWM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1301.5783","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2013-01-24T14:02:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"17998dae69b1fe5629b6bdc87ff98182f55691a11f7707c7af679bf8f12ebc2c","abstract_canon_sha256":"a5bcdd291d51ce62fbc136e48070295264facf43623ed0051de750aa2e4fc584"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b9606131b2e66c3c467958e3d3c757b33326b309eec6b8f4f61323f585dea3c5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:51:58.971392Z","signature_b64":"aSwFBHKjlqJ/eBQvA8OYb94DdXcEnTAsoJmwXB6yZxuE6VU9k73nlCwTdlK/kmtNZqsydW8d/pYQEuMSqbTxCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b9606131b2e66c3c467958e3d3c757b33326b309eec6b8f4f61323f585dea3c5","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:51:58.970921Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:51:58.970921Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1301.5783","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:51:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fk2XvoCJ22LLhqmc+I7y38VOBjzHo4HO1Q6kHmmh2aasbuPwSoOE0fZeoPyjUWX0s3IfZRKT5Iu9ceF3cEaDBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T21:35:07.603737Z"},"content_sha256":"2b8e98740c42c0ab993d6140dcdbed2f1bcd0de4388c621b3967534a618d3595","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2b8e98740c42c0ab993d6140dcdbed2f1bcd0de4388c621b3967534a618d3595"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:XFQGCMNS4ZWDYRTZLDR5HR2XWM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Metallicity Dependence of the Minimum Mass for Core-Collapse Supernovae","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Alexander Heger, Duligur Ibeling","submitted_at":"2013-01-24T14:02:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"Understanding the progenitors of core collapse supernovae and their population statistics is a key ingredient for many current studies in astronomy but as yet this remains elusive. Using the MESA stellar evolution code we study the dependence of the lower mass limit for making core collapse supernovae (SNe) as function of initial stellar metallicity. We find that this mass limit is smallest at approximately [Z] = -2 with a value of ~ 8.3 Msun. At [Z] = 0 the limit is ~ 9.5 Msun and continues to rise with higher metallicity. As a consequence, for a fixed initial mass function the supernova rate"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1301.5783","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:51:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4El6+DV05Ctsq+eD6p1Wasfe0tO4dcKmbz6i9Aq7j1skPDQqTKFsLAmQ3tEAD+2rjxdMdLyN0Uww7mJXHLY9AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T21:35:07.604110Z"},"content_sha256":"ebfde1e1f506a8b6ab772dab2abf66f4104967a3ad723e5720b043b3549288a1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ebfde1e1f506a8b6ab772dab2abf66f4104967a3ad723e5720b043b3549288a1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XFQGCMNS4ZWDYRTZLDR5HR2XWM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XFQGCMNS4ZWDYRTZLDR5HR2XWM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XFQGCMNS4ZWDYRTZLDR5HR2XWM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T21:35:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XFQGCMNS4ZWDYRTZLDR5HR2XWM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XFQGCMNS4ZWDYRTZLDR5HR2XWM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XFQGCMNS4ZWDYRTZLDR5HR2XWM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XFQGCMNS4ZWDYRTZLDR5HR2XWM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:XFQGCMNS4ZWDYRTZLDR5HR2XWM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a5bcdd291d51ce62fbc136e48070295264facf43623ed0051de750aa2e4fc584","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2013-01-24T14:02:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"17998dae69b1fe5629b6bdc87ff98182f55691a11f7707c7af679bf8f12ebc2c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1301.5783","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1301.5783","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:51:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1301.5783v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:51:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1301.5783","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:51:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XFQGCMNS4ZWD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XFQGCMNS4ZWDYRTZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XFQGCMNS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ebfde1e1f506a8b6ab772dab2abf66f4104967a3ad723e5720b043b3549288a1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:51:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Understanding the progenitors of core collapse supernovae and their population statistics is a key ingredient for many current studies in astronomy but as yet this remains elusive. Using the MESA stellar evolution code we study the dependence of the lower mass limit for making core collapse supernovae (SNe) as function of initial stellar metallicity. We find that this mass limit is smallest at approximately [Z] = -2 with a value of ~ 8.3 Msun. At [Z] = 0 the limit is ~ 9.5 Msun and continues to rise with higher metallicity. As a consequence, for a fixed initial mass function the supernova rate","authors_text":"Alexander Heger, Duligur Ibeling","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2013-01-24T14:02:14Z","title":"The Metallicity Dependence of the Minimum Mass for Core-Collapse Supernovae"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1301.5783","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2b8e98740c42c0ab993d6140dcdbed2f1bcd0de4388c621b3967534a618d3595","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:51:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a5bcdd291d51ce62fbc136e48070295264facf43623ed0051de750aa2e4fc584","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2013-01-24T14:02:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"17998dae69b1fe5629b6bdc87ff98182f55691a11f7707c7af679bf8f12ebc2c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1301.5783","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"b9606131b2e66c3c467958e3d3c757b33326b309eec6b8f4f61323f585dea3c5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b9606131b2e66c3c467958e3d3c757b33326b309eec6b8f4f61323f585dea3c5","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:51:58.970921Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:51:58.970921Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"aSwFBHKjlqJ/eBQvA8OYb94DdXcEnTAsoJmwXB6yZxuE6VU9k73nlCwTdlK/kmtNZqsydW8d/pYQEuMSqbTxCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:51:58.971392Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1301.5783","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2b8e98740c42c0ab993d6140dcdbed2f1bcd0de4388c621b3967534a618d3595","sha256:ebfde1e1f506a8b6ab772dab2abf66f4104967a3ad723e5720b043b3549288a1"],"state_sha256":"d1720ba765001d1691b02ea43eadeb7c68cb45c9d3b744519bede543619b62f2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zFBfacxPnwlqx3bLJZFtB6d5IbphrcBSR7/89L9ohZqwLinK+kN8AiEPEPxCNM3z7EpXf1jekH7K3QA3/h2QDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T21:35:07.607684Z","bundle_sha256":"8b899419fcfc680badc2ff16de3c003c41b6e49b682d2fd20a743199e3072d8e"}}