{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:XFX5TTVFXG2VZMADFKYXFTZ3CF","short_pith_number":"pith:XFX5TTVF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.13512","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-08-19T04:56:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3771e9dda0c57afb54a738d994dede42ec9e2c6d7f02c07556f6f77372241a18","abstract_canon_sha256":"db3f69d0d8191a6f6d3fa384dee983b911b8295df7412e98c02358cd3ec79f6c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b96fd9cea5b9b55cb0032ab172cf3b115c9522d74bc64baa4887c95f4be55693","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2508.13512","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.13512","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.13512v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.13512","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XFX5TTVFXG2V","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XFX5TTVFXG2VZMAD","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XFX5TTVF","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:XFX5TTVFXG2VZMADFKYXFTZ3CF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.13512","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-08-19T04:56:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3771e9dda0c57afb54a738d994dede42ec9e2c6d7f02c07556f6f77372241a18","abstract_canon_sha256":"db3f69d0d8191a6f6d3fa384dee983b911b8295df7412e98c02358cd3ec79f6c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b96fd9cea5b9b55cb0032ab172cf3b115c9522d74bc64baa4887c95f4be55693","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49.369691Z","signature_b64":"50uA5owoyUyLoueJWfocQ+tvSyTZ+1c1i+ZIB17dddi6T3ZhnFZZBI/CtVgQuoOm0N9XSnUCgiOmDg9haRLpDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b96fd9cea5b9b55cb0032ab172cf3b115c9522d74bc64baa4887c95f4be55693","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49.369276Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49.369276Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2508.13512","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DeUpOIEa2hZnPjpoD5PTdgtKCLSEAGjUyf+r4Ml6c7fMq8w6l9pDpqP4JhSQgDSs4FDMMPDJul7jSjysME7bAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T05:41:52.522621Z"},"content_sha256":"d00b8229d888e725b1c06759256f23d55228f492d2e18e116ae2690e89535a26","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d00b8229d888e725b1c06759256f23d55228f492d2e18e116ae2690e89535a26"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:XFX5TTVFXG2VZMADFKYXFTZ3CF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"CountingStars: Low-overhead Network-wide Measurement in LEO Mega-constellation Networks","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"Guano Liu, Wenting Wei, Xiucheng Tian, Xiyuan Liu","submitted_at":"2025-08-19T04:56:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"The high mobility of satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) mega-constellations induces a highly dynamic network topology, leading to many problems like frequent service disruptions. To mitigate this, Packet-based Load Balancing (PBLB) is employed. However, this paradigm shift introduces two critical challenges for network measurement stemming from the requirement for port-level granularity: memory inflation and severe hash collisions. To tackle these challenges, we propose CountingStars, a low-overhead network-wide measurement architecture. In the ground controller, CountingStars builds a digita"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.13512","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2508.13512/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ao0mSeZ+G26zbrITNqZ8G1ZHO6h3Nth/yPEBik0rEdiOjEdAqcyWm5FFXi0drnHsjYrMP3h9RPlcLieM85qJBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T05:41:52.523004Z"},"content_sha256":"8c83d5f61430a2da0fa9330cce4761694074902f5b15c076ab0652812d36b1da","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8c83d5f61430a2da0fa9330cce4761694074902f5b15c076ab0652812d36b1da"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XFX5TTVFXG2VZMADFKYXFTZ3CF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XFX5TTVFXG2VZMADFKYXFTZ3CF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XFX5TTVFXG2VZMADFKYXFTZ3CF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-08T05:41:52Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XFX5TTVFXG2VZMADFKYXFTZ3CF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XFX5TTVFXG2VZMADFKYXFTZ3CF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XFX5TTVFXG2VZMADFKYXFTZ3CF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XFX5TTVFXG2VZMADFKYXFTZ3CF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:XFX5TTVFXG2VZMADFKYXFTZ3CF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"db3f69d0d8191a6f6d3fa384dee983b911b8295df7412e98c02358cd3ec79f6c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-08-19T04:56:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"3771e9dda0c57afb54a738d994dede42ec9e2c6d7f02c07556f6f77372241a18"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.13512","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.13512","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.13512v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.13512","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XFX5TTVFXG2V","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XFX5TTVFXG2VZMAD","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XFX5TTVF","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8c83d5f61430a2da0fa9330cce4761694074902f5b15c076ab0652812d36b1da","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2508.13512/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The high mobility of satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) mega-constellations induces a highly dynamic network topology, leading to many problems like frequent service disruptions. To mitigate this, Packet-based Load Balancing (PBLB) is employed. However, this paradigm shift introduces two critical challenges for network measurement stemming from the requirement for port-level granularity: memory inflation and severe hash collisions. To tackle these challenges, we propose CountingStars, a low-overhead network-wide measurement architecture. In the ground controller, CountingStars builds a digita","authors_text":"Guano Liu, Wenting Wei, Xiucheng Tian, Xiyuan Liu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-08-19T04:56:17Z","title":"CountingStars: Low-overhead Network-wide Measurement in LEO Mega-constellation Networks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.13512","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d00b8229d888e725b1c06759256f23d55228f492d2e18e116ae2690e89535a26","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"db3f69d0d8191a6f6d3fa384dee983b911b8295df7412e98c02358cd3ec79f6c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-08-19T04:56:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"3771e9dda0c57afb54a738d994dede42ec9e2c6d7f02c07556f6f77372241a18"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.13512","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b96fd9cea5b9b55cb0032ab172cf3b115c9522d74bc64baa4887c95f4be55693","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b96fd9cea5b9b55cb0032ab172cf3b115c9522d74bc64baa4887c95f4be55693","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49.369276Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49.369276Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"50uA5owoyUyLoueJWfocQ+tvSyTZ+1c1i+ZIB17dddi6T3ZhnFZZBI/CtVgQuoOm0N9XSnUCgiOmDg9haRLpDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:55:49.369691Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2508.13512","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d00b8229d888e725b1c06759256f23d55228f492d2e18e116ae2690e89535a26","sha256:8c83d5f61430a2da0fa9330cce4761694074902f5b15c076ab0652812d36b1da"],"state_sha256":"3756b3520f920a6a1c5b2a1f32f9d5cbcea3f60941983dbf5f421cf8746f95a2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y8V2ZibbUJVKHPm7nr4QJnm770TyrbrLbbkrU5hX7JWU1IBXnCbJvobNXv0kDg3WcXXOKOWPrrcXq+DuVuDxBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T05:41:52.525118Z","bundle_sha256":"2a7f8c7d23eb3763e2b81f6bc0e0f3c576f0115d4d8e14a59f7c6789c627d3dc"}}