{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:XGIFWC2CBDRXXUDCTAFIEZYQYC","short_pith_number":"pith:XGIFWC2C","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.00045","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-07-31T18:43:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.OC","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"989f5fbcdfe04c9085ff9df505cedeb7476d33446f248022441867d36498aa58","abstract_canon_sha256":"6a6bd0272f1a1ace59e2039a3a6decb896a9f2817df7a09a8e98c0eb70115486"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b9905b0b4208e37bd062980a826710c0bf7eff2366dc61ca1b38c4e6e972daec","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1908.00045","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.00045","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.00045v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.00045","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XGIFWC2CBDRX","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XGIFWC2CBDRXXUDC","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XGIFWC2C","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:XGIFWC2CBDRXXUDCTAFIEZYQYC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.00045","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-07-31T18:43:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.OC","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"989f5fbcdfe04c9085ff9df505cedeb7476d33446f248022441867d36498aa58","abstract_canon_sha256":"6a6bd0272f1a1ace59e2039a3a6decb896a9f2817df7a09a8e98c0eb70115486"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b9905b0b4208e37bd062980a826710c0bf7eff2366dc61ca1b38c4e6e972daec","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31.076718Z","signature_b64":"G9usBXOrMwJTEgS7kO3beCOx4OT+1tZm7zV7MqR57f0JPeNWc6qqngJ+J9MTSMELiYlrepyjqiWZEYbyifwABw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b9905b0b4208e37bd062980a826710c0bf7eff2366dc61ca1b38c4e6e972daec","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31.074739Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31.074739Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1908.00045","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pBDTo/4pSElyEiiGnk3L0dZYcGdPwBz7V4HhROdxxlQ3kbUw6yq4Z/Ux1Nd6DiibuECJHU0sATx9VoVs3vetCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T09:20:22.864237Z"},"content_sha256":"92cd830fb7865e0f6ba482e066f6f9052c429b51e76971b97cbb1a9da1dd4f29","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:92cd830fb7865e0f6ba482e066f6f9052c429b51e76971b97cbb1a9da1dd4f29"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:XGIFWC2CBDRXXUDCTAFIEZYQYC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"How Good is SGD with Random Shuffling?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.OC","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Itay Safran, Ohad Shamir","submitted_at":"2019-07-31T18:43:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the performance of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) on smooth and strongly-convex finite-sum optimization problems. In contrast to the majority of existing theoretical works, which assume that individual functions are sampled with replacement, we focus here on popular but poorly-understood heuristics, which involve going over random permutations of the individual functions. This setting has been investigated in several recent works, but the optimal error rates remain unclear. In this paper, we provide lower bounds on the expected optimization error with these heuristics (using SGD wi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.00045","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.00045/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HFwBva+/7kIG3tqUhRIKMw0yiXEZD6k5LhIqafzg8hu21DtfwWHjUIROvqdvmtBOwRqoAcDGtTBesgfmmY6GDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T09:20:22.865214Z"},"content_sha256":"c61468e7ae7046d86721f016d81b92f1bc4b81dfa61e10831fbaf6e36a2ca65f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c61468e7ae7046d86721f016d81b92f1bc4b81dfa61e10831fbaf6e36a2ca65f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XGIFWC2CBDRXXUDCTAFIEZYQYC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XGIFWC2CBDRXXUDCTAFIEZYQYC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XGIFWC2CBDRXXUDCTAFIEZYQYC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T09:20:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XGIFWC2CBDRXXUDCTAFIEZYQYC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XGIFWC2CBDRXXUDCTAFIEZYQYC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XGIFWC2CBDRXXUDCTAFIEZYQYC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XGIFWC2CBDRXXUDCTAFIEZYQYC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:XGIFWC2CBDRXXUDCTAFIEZYQYC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6a6bd0272f1a1ace59e2039a3a6decb896a9f2817df7a09a8e98c0eb70115486","cross_cats_sorted":["math.OC","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-07-31T18:43:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"989f5fbcdfe04c9085ff9df505cedeb7476d33446f248022441867d36498aa58"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.00045","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.00045","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.00045v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.00045","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XGIFWC2CBDRX","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XGIFWC2CBDRXXUDC","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XGIFWC2C","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c61468e7ae7046d86721f016d81b92f1bc4b81dfa61e10831fbaf6e36a2ca65f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1908.00045/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study the performance of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) on smooth and strongly-convex finite-sum optimization problems. In contrast to the majority of existing theoretical works, which assume that individual functions are sampled with replacement, we focus here on popular but poorly-understood heuristics, which involve going over random permutations of the individual functions. This setting has been investigated in several recent works, but the optimal error rates remain unclear. In this paper, we provide lower bounds on the expected optimization error with these heuristics (using SGD wi","authors_text":"Itay Safran, Ohad Shamir","cross_cats":["math.OC","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-07-31T18:43:01Z","title":"How Good is SGD with Random Shuffling?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.00045","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:92cd830fb7865e0f6ba482e066f6f9052c429b51e76971b97cbb1a9da1dd4f29","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6a6bd0272f1a1ace59e2039a3a6decb896a9f2817df7a09a8e98c0eb70115486","cross_cats_sorted":["math.OC","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-07-31T18:43:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"989f5fbcdfe04c9085ff9df505cedeb7476d33446f248022441867d36498aa58"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.00045","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"b9905b0b4208e37bd062980a826710c0bf7eff2366dc61ca1b38c4e6e972daec","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b9905b0b4208e37bd062980a826710c0bf7eff2366dc61ca1b38c4e6e972daec","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31.074739Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31.074739Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"G9usBXOrMwJTEgS7kO3beCOx4OT+1tZm7zV7MqR57f0JPeNWc6qqngJ+J9MTSMELiYlrepyjqiWZEYbyifwABw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:45:31.076718Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1908.00045","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:92cd830fb7865e0f6ba482e066f6f9052c429b51e76971b97cbb1a9da1dd4f29","sha256:c61468e7ae7046d86721f016d81b92f1bc4b81dfa61e10831fbaf6e36a2ca65f"],"state_sha256":"0fc6b495add5fd8ffedf6f537a183e80a3278315384284bad6a247302b54b7a0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8bTQvNz6ASOgqefm6vB16OpLG06FA9HUsb4l1Xb6TF5QMqmD7Bd4y0uKaQXHgTnQMXj9K3YTJIWsQs7PEQgeAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T09:20:22.870419Z","bundle_sha256":"21119eb834576e43dba91f5c4587be2c705cb30dc8ba035bbe1167b21d6a8266"}}