{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:XI4UXN3IMBLJ7BQXIW3MBIAL7R","short_pith_number":"pith:XI4UXN3I","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1512.06247","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.RM","submitted_at":"2015-12-19T13:21:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.MF","q-fin.PM","q-fin.PR"],"title_canon_sha256":"0624b24d735abcb037554e0a8c915293f4483a70f669c7a4d4a3898f6d74e3f5","abstract_canon_sha256":"d3aa1cc3c9bcba9a6b4b5e408c649a776f6b653a59a6f9773053c0e7d2257f57"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ba394bb76860569f861745b6c0a00bfc6ac197c1462ccede9398b5eeb1265d38","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1512.06247","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1512.06247","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1512.06247v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1512.06247","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XI4UXN3IMBLJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XI4UXN3IMBLJ7BQX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XI4UXN3I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:XI4UXN3IMBLJ7BQXIW3MBIAL7R","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1512.06247","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.RM","submitted_at":"2015-12-19T13:21:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.MF","q-fin.PM","q-fin.PR"],"title_canon_sha256":"0624b24d735abcb037554e0a8c915293f4483a70f669c7a4d4a3898f6d74e3f5","abstract_canon_sha256":"d3aa1cc3c9bcba9a6b4b5e408c649a776f6b653a59a6f9773053c0e7d2257f57"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ba394bb76860569f861745b6c0a00bfc6ac197c1462ccede9398b5eeb1265d38","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:01.042055Z","signature_b64":"nw3X5MHE1JP8OqSVcdW0d5CCbkNmo9iZAWXhPdi7ZH7/IUP1i+IADDFSTU5WPuecRdm8E0V+8CG6z/5n0j/wDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ba394bb76860569f861745b6c0a00bfc6ac197c1462ccede9398b5eeb1265d38","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:01.041360Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:01.041360Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1512.06247","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tP2J8mh4LHR7+jYZqTbDIxKosjdH//n/5ehln/tKrALIHHA63F+41PjAvfPxUaMxAXFPwsQ/EKGET7bk43c+Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T17:18:47.771235Z"},"content_sha256":"890d6cbbf0b8c8c4b5f1d1ea61ed580d82f3c5c4059ccc7f776948d986c14034","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:890d6cbbf0b8c8c4b5f1d1ea61ed580d82f3c5c4059ccc7f776948d986c14034"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:XI4UXN3IMBLJ7BQXIW3MBIAL7R","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Which measure for PFE? The Risk Appetite Measure, A","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.MF","q-fin.PM","q-fin.PR"],"primary_cat":"q-fin.RM","authors_text":"Andrew Green, Chris Kenyon, Mourad Berrahoui","submitted_at":"2015-12-19T13:21:44Z","abstract_excerpt":"Potential Future Exposure (PFE) is a standard risk metric for managing business unit counterparty credit risk but there is debate on how it should be calculated. The debate has been whether to use one of many historical (\"physical\") measures (one per calibration setup), or one of many risk-neutral measures (one per numeraire). However, we argue that limits should be based on the bank's own risk appetite provided that this is consistent with regulatory backtesting and that whichever measure is used it should behave (in a sense made precise) like a historical measure. Backtesting is only require"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1512.06247","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Mc22b3emf71oS0SYIE0vomd7CxwGYHIpRi3pZMFTBYKatFeg0YeEm0T45+kUWJ7Ayp/5glELS8ki8+aRN5CLCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T17:18:47.771601Z"},"content_sha256":"fd0cf9a3c86af761d4dd0c8c26d07ae26aab9ac7ce1a64871fbabd6c2be62d2c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fd0cf9a3c86af761d4dd0c8c26d07ae26aab9ac7ce1a64871fbabd6c2be62d2c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XI4UXN3IMBLJ7BQXIW3MBIAL7R/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XI4UXN3IMBLJ7BQXIW3MBIAL7R/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XI4UXN3IMBLJ7BQXIW3MBIAL7R/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T17:18:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XI4UXN3IMBLJ7BQXIW3MBIAL7R","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XI4UXN3IMBLJ7BQXIW3MBIAL7R/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XI4UXN3IMBLJ7BQXIW3MBIAL7R/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XI4UXN3IMBLJ7BQXIW3MBIAL7R/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:XI4UXN3IMBLJ7BQXIW3MBIAL7R","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d3aa1cc3c9bcba9a6b4b5e408c649a776f6b653a59a6f9773053c0e7d2257f57","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.MF","q-fin.PM","q-fin.PR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.RM","submitted_at":"2015-12-19T13:21:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"0624b24d735abcb037554e0a8c915293f4483a70f669c7a4d4a3898f6d74e3f5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1512.06247","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1512.06247","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1512.06247v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1512.06247","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XI4UXN3IMBLJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XI4UXN3IMBLJ7BQX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XI4UXN3I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fd0cf9a3c86af761d4dd0c8c26d07ae26aab9ac7ce1a64871fbabd6c2be62d2c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Potential Future Exposure (PFE) is a standard risk metric for managing business unit counterparty credit risk but there is debate on how it should be calculated. The debate has been whether to use one of many historical (\"physical\") measures (one per calibration setup), or one of many risk-neutral measures (one per numeraire). However, we argue that limits should be based on the bank's own risk appetite provided that this is consistent with regulatory backtesting and that whichever measure is used it should behave (in a sense made precise) like a historical measure. Backtesting is only require","authors_text":"Andrew Green, Chris Kenyon, Mourad Berrahoui","cross_cats":["q-fin.MF","q-fin.PM","q-fin.PR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.RM","submitted_at":"2015-12-19T13:21:44Z","title":"Which measure for PFE? The Risk Appetite Measure, A"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1512.06247","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:890d6cbbf0b8c8c4b5f1d1ea61ed580d82f3c5c4059ccc7f776948d986c14034","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d3aa1cc3c9bcba9a6b4b5e408c649a776f6b653a59a6f9773053c0e7d2257f57","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.MF","q-fin.PM","q-fin.PR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.RM","submitted_at":"2015-12-19T13:21:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"0624b24d735abcb037554e0a8c915293f4483a70f669c7a4d4a3898f6d74e3f5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1512.06247","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ba394bb76860569f861745b6c0a00bfc6ac197c1462ccede9398b5eeb1265d38","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ba394bb76860569f861745b6c0a00bfc6ac197c1462ccede9398b5eeb1265d38","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:01.041360Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:01.041360Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"nw3X5MHE1JP8OqSVcdW0d5CCbkNmo9iZAWXhPdi7ZH7/IUP1i+IADDFSTU5WPuecRdm8E0V+8CG6z/5n0j/wDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:01.042055Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1512.06247","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:890d6cbbf0b8c8c4b5f1d1ea61ed580d82f3c5c4059ccc7f776948d986c14034","sha256:fd0cf9a3c86af761d4dd0c8c26d07ae26aab9ac7ce1a64871fbabd6c2be62d2c"],"state_sha256":"eb8f92790e1dddeb2956d50c47ccfd53f8d3be2ca87dbcbe28e3123f17300d61"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nnezZwy6k/Codr8z+WODY30ObhIPZgUoKs4YU5M9Toy9FiLk4dZjXQ4ogkzxa3zm+XZJOSaKGrZOoXfo1O3aAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T17:18:47.773696Z","bundle_sha256":"d62a729705358744969b32db247147731cc9de950750fd4cf80ebeb4c4e811e7"}}