{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:XIUF7EZHI3ZXOC3JH422D44OI5","short_pith_number":"pith:XIUF7EZH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2107.01876","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T09:07:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"57970f27cc7fd4ecf995f60ef1ec187bf6c24fe68649b9a0b3342062dcc5a50f","abstract_canon_sha256":"193742b3bf0be153ee6c9de13a4a3d5d905392bc3c6fab85b40401804b9bd087"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ba285f932746f3770b693f35a1f38e4747aa052ca5419038eac11e9bdf9a3a30","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2107.01876","version":5},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2107.01876","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2107.01876v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2107.01876","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XIUF7EZHI3ZX","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XIUF7EZHI3ZXOC3J","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XIUF7EZH","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:XIUF7EZHI3ZXOC3JH422D44OI5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2107.01876","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T09:07:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"57970f27cc7fd4ecf995f60ef1ec187bf6c24fe68649b9a0b3342062dcc5a50f","abstract_canon_sha256":"193742b3bf0be153ee6c9de13a4a3d5d905392bc3c6fab85b40401804b9bd087"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ba285f932746f3770b693f35a1f38e4747aa052ca5419038eac11e9bdf9a3a30","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10.953147Z","signature_b64":"oMN9ChsCPR0q4ohaC42/4cH71IbgAxPQAeUUBtrvRJ9lDize27wJZn9rLGbrt2pS4telUkJ2tZ82HfKRImdWDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ba285f932746f3770b693f35a1f38e4747aa052ca5419038eac11e9bdf9a3a30","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10.952633Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10.952633Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2107.01876","source_version":5,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dEY8/MskceSZ2Oovgc2OkekPbr/ZUVDV8xJO9YpiJBMGG6DbSf89GmHMuwobfN/MDG41Oy2FEigIrHY1pSguCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T08:26:29.450862Z"},"content_sha256":"113fe6e9be5b04faaa967fe81de20cca013dfc46e93b38c1f9e4bf93d6079a72","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:113fe6e9be5b04faaa967fe81de20cca013dfc46e93b38c1f9e4bf93d6079a72"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:XIUF7EZHI3ZXOC3JH422D44OI5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Which Invariance Should We Transfer? A Causal Minimax Learning Approach","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"stat.ML","authors_text":"Fang Fang, Mingzhou Liu, Xiangyu Zheng, Xinwei Sun, Yizhou Wang","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T09:07:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"A major barrier to deploying current machine learning models lies in their non-reliability to dataset shifts. To resolve this problem, most existing studies attempted to transfer stable information to unseen environments. Particularly, independent causal mechanisms-based methods proposed to remove mutable causal mechanisms via the do-operator. Compared to previous methods, the obtained stable predictors are more effective in identifying stable information. However, a key question remains: which subset of this whole stable information should the model transfer, in order to achieve optimal gener"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2107.01876","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2107.01876/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YHTKb5V+wfLB8cwSzyH5RX0MleU7RWeo37po/H8XnZ1lbxJIHpZQa+87wkK/Fr+Q1KeZ+S5fNWvhNYhg0+I4Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T08:26:29.451375Z"},"content_sha256":"b711812f0ee86dde58bb755f2061534baf20ada246cf8dceb4ccb140364e8fcc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b711812f0ee86dde58bb755f2061534baf20ada246cf8dceb4ccb140364e8fcc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XIUF7EZHI3ZXOC3JH422D44OI5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XIUF7EZHI3ZXOC3JH422D44OI5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XIUF7EZHI3ZXOC3JH422D44OI5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-23T08:26:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XIUF7EZHI3ZXOC3JH422D44OI5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XIUF7EZHI3ZXOC3JH422D44OI5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XIUF7EZHI3ZXOC3JH422D44OI5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XIUF7EZHI3ZXOC3JH422D44OI5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:XIUF7EZHI3ZXOC3JH422D44OI5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"193742b3bf0be153ee6c9de13a4a3d5d905392bc3c6fab85b40401804b9bd087","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T09:07:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"57970f27cc7fd4ecf995f60ef1ec187bf6c24fe68649b9a0b3342062dcc5a50f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2107.01876","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2107.01876","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2107.01876v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2107.01876","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XIUF7EZHI3ZX","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XIUF7EZHI3ZXOC3J","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XIUF7EZH","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b711812f0ee86dde58bb755f2061534baf20ada246cf8dceb4ccb140364e8fcc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2107.01876/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A major barrier to deploying current machine learning models lies in their non-reliability to dataset shifts. To resolve this problem, most existing studies attempted to transfer stable information to unseen environments. Particularly, independent causal mechanisms-based methods proposed to remove mutable causal mechanisms via the do-operator. Compared to previous methods, the obtained stable predictors are more effective in identifying stable information. However, a key question remains: which subset of this whole stable information should the model transfer, in order to achieve optimal gener","authors_text":"Fang Fang, Mingzhou Liu, Xiangyu Zheng, Xinwei Sun, Yizhou Wang","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T09:07:29Z","title":"Which Invariance Should We Transfer? A Causal Minimax Learning Approach"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2107.01876","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:113fe6e9be5b04faaa967fe81de20cca013dfc46e93b38c1f9e4bf93d6079a72","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"193742b3bf0be153ee6c9de13a4a3d5d905392bc3c6fab85b40401804b9bd087","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T09:07:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"57970f27cc7fd4ecf995f60ef1ec187bf6c24fe68649b9a0b3342062dcc5a50f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2107.01876","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"canonical_sha256":"ba285f932746f3770b693f35a1f38e4747aa052ca5419038eac11e9bdf9a3a30","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ba285f932746f3770b693f35a1f38e4747aa052ca5419038eac11e9bdf9a3a30","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10.952633Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10.952633Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oMN9ChsCPR0q4ohaC42/4cH71IbgAxPQAeUUBtrvRJ9lDize27wJZn9rLGbrt2pS4telUkJ2tZ82HfKRImdWDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:15:10.953147Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2107.01876","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":5}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:113fe6e9be5b04faaa967fe81de20cca013dfc46e93b38c1f9e4bf93d6079a72","sha256:b711812f0ee86dde58bb755f2061534baf20ada246cf8dceb4ccb140364e8fcc"],"state_sha256":"dd8e955bd06da4f55230958f5367182d21b6042103ffdae33987641d49775201"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Pytuy4e64/3JIqsdGDe9hXRxCBX37VLBeVUC4Wj8sXCYbPGtii6QCYEXiLlcAuBxM773qb9Y6c4FoFHPIrJoAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T08:26:29.455343Z","bundle_sha256":"7faf87af3a8608347f7e3d58228f0ff93b867db1470ddcc3551c4c06fcfe82c1"}}