{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:XJSQ5QKBCVGN4JOMK6V2ZCQVGS","short_pith_number":"pith:XJSQ5QKB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2303.00459","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2023-03-01T12:36:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"191ebec04e486f4d151e42b5e8eacd8fe8b66f79fd8323f16a10d0921222a8e5","abstract_canon_sha256":"348eca756eaac646907634f661589d2977d822cad2331e5b3903681a3a4d17c4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ba650ec141154cde25cc57abac8a1534b1502e7e447ed2134dc148fc5f375073","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2303.00459","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2303.00459","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2303.00459v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.00459","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XJSQ5QKBCVGN","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XJSQ5QKBCVGN4JOM","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XJSQ5QKB","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:XJSQ5QKBCVGN4JOMK6V2ZCQVGS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2303.00459","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2023-03-01T12:36:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"191ebec04e486f4d151e42b5e8eacd8fe8b66f79fd8323f16a10d0921222a8e5","abstract_canon_sha256":"348eca756eaac646907634f661589d2977d822cad2331e5b3903681a3a4d17c4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ba650ec141154cde25cc57abac8a1534b1502e7e447ed2134dc148fc5f375073","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33.362657Z","signature_b64":"WPJk3yo6qUmU9YcuNsHYzTPg/0vBLmi0UtCE9Z9eoB6lLYhfND+7LPW7zmvHLw6CS4MRgEhxdsWcED5IchHEDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ba650ec141154cde25cc57abac8a1534b1502e7e447ed2134dc148fc5f375073","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33.362171Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33.362171Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2303.00459","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"L/i+Kmh7R5K/k8GX6OdMaVtAidFwhi5sJgH56Pxu541mBRJFGTp3zqYICUtIGXHrEaU8IYnTty9cCkk7EQDVBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-23T21:50:55.489561Z"},"content_sha256":"54871306726b32bd3bc61a8ab6acd576040950531e457b45079c5451d967da51","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:54871306726b32bd3bc61a8ab6acd576040950531e457b45079c5451d967da51"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:XJSQ5QKBCVGN4JOMK6V2ZCQVGS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Near-Field Modelling and Performance Analysis for Extremely Large-Scale IRS Communications","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"Chao Feng, Haiquan Lu, Rui Zhang, Shi Jin, Teng Li, Yong Zeng","submitted_at":"2023-03-01T12:36:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is an emerging technology for wireless communications, thanks to its powerful capability to engineer the radio environment. However, in practice, this benefit is attainable only when the passive IRS is of sufficiently large size, for which the conventional uniform plane wave (UPW)-based far-field model may become invalid. In this paper, we pursue a near-field modelling and performance analysis for wireless communications with extremely large-scale IRS (XL-IRS). By taking into account the directional gain pattern of IRS's reflecting elements and the variatio"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2303.00459","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2303.00459/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EdhL8o+yb8vc5EEb/v++01T8SlojOjIdQ3k1JGmyLO5ATvXNxcRYzYOSNCVr8ROZfVobyCj2z9SYr90LYjUkCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-23T21:50:55.489943Z"},"content_sha256":"1bf666fb45e995f76ba8c43064fb79de7c344d1a36aa9d248bf1fb1b5b754b4f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1bf666fb45e995f76ba8c43064fb79de7c344d1a36aa9d248bf1fb1b5b754b4f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XJSQ5QKBCVGN4JOMK6V2ZCQVGS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XJSQ5QKBCVGN4JOMK6V2ZCQVGS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XJSQ5QKBCVGN4JOMK6V2ZCQVGS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-23T21:50:55Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XJSQ5QKBCVGN4JOMK6V2ZCQVGS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XJSQ5QKBCVGN4JOMK6V2ZCQVGS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XJSQ5QKBCVGN4JOMK6V2ZCQVGS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XJSQ5QKBCVGN4JOMK6V2ZCQVGS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:XJSQ5QKBCVGN4JOMK6V2ZCQVGS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"348eca756eaac646907634f661589d2977d822cad2331e5b3903681a3a4d17c4","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2023-03-01T12:36:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"191ebec04e486f4d151e42b5e8eacd8fe8b66f79fd8323f16a10d0921222a8e5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2303.00459","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2303.00459","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2303.00459v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.00459","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XJSQ5QKBCVGN","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XJSQ5QKBCVGN4JOM","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XJSQ5QKB","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1bf666fb45e995f76ba8c43064fb79de7c344d1a36aa9d248bf1fb1b5b754b4f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2303.00459/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is an emerging technology for wireless communications, thanks to its powerful capability to engineer the radio environment. However, in practice, this benefit is attainable only when the passive IRS is of sufficiently large size, for which the conventional uniform plane wave (UPW)-based far-field model may become invalid. In this paper, we pursue a near-field modelling and performance analysis for wireless communications with extremely large-scale IRS (XL-IRS). By taking into account the directional gain pattern of IRS's reflecting elements and the variatio","authors_text":"Chao Feng, Haiquan Lu, Rui Zhang, Shi Jin, Teng Li, Yong Zeng","cross_cats":["math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2023-03-01T12:36:57Z","title":"Near-Field Modelling and Performance Analysis for Extremely Large-Scale IRS Communications"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2303.00459","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:54871306726b32bd3bc61a8ab6acd576040950531e457b45079c5451d967da51","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"348eca756eaac646907634f661589d2977d822cad2331e5b3903681a3a4d17c4","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2023-03-01T12:36:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"191ebec04e486f4d151e42b5e8eacd8fe8b66f79fd8323f16a10d0921222a8e5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2303.00459","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"ba650ec141154cde25cc57abac8a1534b1502e7e447ed2134dc148fc5f375073","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ba650ec141154cde25cc57abac8a1534b1502e7e447ed2134dc148fc5f375073","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33.362171Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33.362171Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WPJk3yo6qUmU9YcuNsHYzTPg/0vBLmi0UtCE9Z9eoB6lLYhfND+7LPW7zmvHLw6CS4MRgEhxdsWcED5IchHEDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:49:33.362657Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2303.00459","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:54871306726b32bd3bc61a8ab6acd576040950531e457b45079c5451d967da51","sha256:1bf666fb45e995f76ba8c43064fb79de7c344d1a36aa9d248bf1fb1b5b754b4f"],"state_sha256":"b512809b38e3017d1ee6aaa858883738492095ab31e539ecb953f8d2d3da1afb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vpJONZnqw6eCvZ56h8bnl24UfFAE4HT1hS9fZIQ7L8OkHToEDjDIW8aHeyDxjyT/fC/RuXn35pER9d2jQIKjCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-23T21:50:55.492566Z","bundle_sha256":"5cced5c6532ae866b70b38fc2992d475ae9984fa1484126be263a8ad9da4f32e"}}