{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2005:XJYFZINLGEVYWR464SOVKIPBTU","short_pith_number":"pith:XJYFZINL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"quant-ph/0512217","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2005-12-23T14:12:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"94d0cb09c7216ef1c6cd7038f524e559358a91bfa9c8bff2f27bf6a1c64544cc","abstract_canon_sha256":"5e1ca4618a3c4b46d934810c1170c73d3fad832d172f3d4f08eba8236498ad72"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ba705ca1ab312b8b479ee49d5521e19d2c3c556e51bc8f047b7fa3a3eba1c514","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"quant-ph/0512217","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"quant-ph/0512217","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"quant-ph/0512217v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0512217","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XJYFZINLGEVY","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XJYFZINLGEVYWR46","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XJYFZINL","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2005:XJYFZINLGEVYWR464SOVKIPBTU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"quant-ph/0512217","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2005-12-23T14:12:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"94d0cb09c7216ef1c6cd7038f524e559358a91bfa9c8bff2f27bf6a1c64544cc","abstract_canon_sha256":"5e1ca4618a3c4b46d934810c1170c73d3fad832d172f3d4f08eba8236498ad72"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ba705ca1ab312b8b479ee49d5521e19d2c3c556e51bc8f047b7fa3a3eba1c514","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25.202475Z","signature_b64":"pSrfPNbOazt80xa8eYnuT7Xc2aIBFFFVIKisv7+6zU7glHsqEnT9q3Qoy89o63LFRZW8DL20a6f8oujhhG+JCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ba705ca1ab312b8b479ee49d5521e19d2c3c556e51bc8f047b7fa3a3eba1c514","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25.202109Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25.202109Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"quant-ph/0512217","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9zeysBcuamJlSx9c/jPttswElfDSwEV47DPJPJwDO/95q2zVOHauzip5C9vQOVi9Q/YvE8LKpRFX6/M2zxE0AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T01:22:45.817526Z"},"content_sha256":"6aef3b2b99cce27604905a80f7c618c15bb4a8368f588d4898e3cb42a0f223b7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6aef3b2b99cce27604905a80f7c618c15bb4a8368f588d4898e3cb42a0f223b7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2005:XJYFZINLGEVYWR464SOVKIPBTU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Efficient Simulation of Random Quantum States and Operators","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Christoph Dankert","submitted_at":"2005-12-23T14:12:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the generation of quantum states and unitary operations that are ``random'' in certain respects. We show how to use such states to estimate the average fidelity, an important measure in the study of implementations of quantum algorithms. We re-discover the result that the states of a maximal set of mutually-unbiased bases serve this purpose. An efficient circuit is presented that generates an arbitrary state out of such a set.\n  Later on, we consider unitary operations that can be used to turn any quantum channel into a depolarizing channel. It was known before that the Clifford"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"quant-ph/0512217","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/quant-ph/0512217/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PBcof02SE9RZYfaYvdtrWU7XDPo7MMvmg8II3OIz2ozlBYj/AzyFbm0MM8JUBH+W2m/Tr4kShqjOW8+2oq3+Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T01:22:45.818020Z"},"content_sha256":"113500655952f7ba7804250b52765cd3633dd1956f9ce66a16e68d17a8f2243d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:113500655952f7ba7804250b52765cd3633dd1956f9ce66a16e68d17a8f2243d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XJYFZINLGEVYWR464SOVKIPBTU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XJYFZINLGEVYWR464SOVKIPBTU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XJYFZINLGEVYWR464SOVKIPBTU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T01:22:45Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XJYFZINLGEVYWR464SOVKIPBTU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XJYFZINLGEVYWR464SOVKIPBTU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XJYFZINLGEVYWR464SOVKIPBTU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XJYFZINLGEVYWR464SOVKIPBTU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2005:XJYFZINLGEVYWR464SOVKIPBTU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5e1ca4618a3c4b46d934810c1170c73d3fad832d172f3d4f08eba8236498ad72","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2005-12-23T14:12:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"94d0cb09c7216ef1c6cd7038f524e559358a91bfa9c8bff2f27bf6a1c64544cc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"quant-ph/0512217","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"quant-ph/0512217","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"quant-ph/0512217v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0512217","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XJYFZINLGEVY","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XJYFZINLGEVYWR46","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XJYFZINL","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:113500655952f7ba7804250b52765cd3633dd1956f9ce66a16e68d17a8f2243d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/quant-ph/0512217/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the generation of quantum states and unitary operations that are ``random'' in certain respects. We show how to use such states to estimate the average fidelity, an important measure in the study of implementations of quantum algorithms. We re-discover the result that the states of a maximal set of mutually-unbiased bases serve this purpose. An efficient circuit is presented that generates an arbitrary state out of such a set.\n  Later on, we consider unitary operations that can be used to turn any quantum channel into a depolarizing channel. It was known before that the Clifford","authors_text":"Christoph Dankert","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2005-12-23T14:12:13Z","title":"Efficient Simulation of Random Quantum States and Operators"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"quant-ph/0512217","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6aef3b2b99cce27604905a80f7c618c15bb4a8368f588d4898e3cb42a0f223b7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5e1ca4618a3c4b46d934810c1170c73d3fad832d172f3d4f08eba8236498ad72","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2005-12-23T14:12:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"94d0cb09c7216ef1c6cd7038f524e559358a91bfa9c8bff2f27bf6a1c64544cc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"quant-ph/0512217","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"ba705ca1ab312b8b479ee49d5521e19d2c3c556e51bc8f047b7fa3a3eba1c514","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ba705ca1ab312b8b479ee49d5521e19d2c3c556e51bc8f047b7fa3a3eba1c514","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25.202109Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25.202109Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"pSrfPNbOazt80xa8eYnuT7Xc2aIBFFFVIKisv7+6zU7glHsqEnT9q3Qoy89o63LFRZW8DL20a6f8oujhhG+JCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T14:52:25.202475Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"quant-ph/0512217","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6aef3b2b99cce27604905a80f7c618c15bb4a8368f588d4898e3cb42a0f223b7","sha256:113500655952f7ba7804250b52765cd3633dd1956f9ce66a16e68d17a8f2243d"],"state_sha256":"7c3473616710736c2414cd120ef81117451a3e9efc50ce6fb7a4ab1dae717774"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XaWxAclZO2wJh6gytnzeOLd24EJ2TiLdsGQnXk1lkSWDD4fWK44YTnwUv4sW9UoUQ7nfF04ei7OGyLz+Vwc6Cw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T01:22:45.821969Z","bundle_sha256":"39051b45d79ceaad40c82e988aa3bbb5f43fee2deda3b25e1e9a91ac1cc67b06"}}