{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:XK22XMGXALE7XPC5SBERUO2H6E","short_pith_number":"pith:XK22XMGX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1606.05258","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-06-16T16:51:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5367acf854f96e33e694a909f6352e80fdfdb2d9471923e53c719c231faec559","abstract_canon_sha256":"2b7926699abf636e87df90f592ffb2c77203d348cc0ec1c27031aefec5bd3417"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bab5abb0d702c9fbbc5d90491a3b47f112acaef1a1ff348780e4e92c702e8755","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1606.05258","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1606.05258","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1606.05258v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1606.05258","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XK22XMGXALE7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XK22XMGXALE7XPC5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XK22XMGX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:51Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:XK22XMGXALE7XPC5SBERUO2H6E","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1606.05258","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-06-16T16:51:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5367acf854f96e33e694a909f6352e80fdfdb2d9471923e53c719c231faec559","abstract_canon_sha256":"2b7926699abf636e87df90f592ffb2c77203d348cc0ec1c27031aefec5bd3417"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bab5abb0d702c9fbbc5d90491a3b47f112acaef1a1ff348780e4e92c702e8755","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38.237180Z","signature_b64":"uqRdvbMl8DXMytb5wGcfG7ITA5HtPKiQc/Oatzj7t6eaYB0XPHEoE1BFvYLfzgYQKKIAAQnTbfqpVyy0Fd0sDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bab5abb0d702c9fbbc5d90491a3b47f112acaef1a1ff348780e4e92c702e8755","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38.236813Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38.236813Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1606.05258","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Dn7jLCuX6AZ0ZJPtGWk3iwdpOoKc1pG2XoJnQCB7Bkg0guhIkZL73jcoKHZAqlyfZdUdVz6M+iIKGZM/SEY8DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T01:56:53.447505Z"},"content_sha256":"c588435662c8cd8eb285c1872c076f1fe11e230a5e473fed0f403ea446bb448a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c588435662c8cd8eb285c1872c076f1fe11e230a5e473fed0f403ea446bb448a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:XK22XMGXALE7XPC5SBERUO2H6E","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Magnitudes and Timescales of Total Solar Irradiance Variability","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Greg Kopp","submitted_at":"2016-06-16T16:51:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Sun's net radiative output varies on timescales of minutes to gigayears. Direct measurements of the total solar irradiance (TSI) show changes in the spatially- and spectrally-integrated radiant energy on timescales as short as minutes to as long as a solar cycle. Variations of ~0.01 % over a few minutes are caused by the ever-present superposition of convection and oscillations with very large solar flares on rare occasion causing slightly-larger measureable signals. On timescales of days to weeks, changing photospheric magnetic activity affects solar brightness at the ~0.1 % level. The 11"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1606.05258","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mSPmhJWU9iUOqp7xT5oezDnKBUR9xsnTcOEcbf05Y7aUOtxQtCv9m/8N84VGo9jXAeTeQvyf/8YlHlopbUeJDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T01:56:53.448270Z"},"content_sha256":"b2afb54326689d0d2efb521e181787e6e1819d4187f17f57f86b9000a9cb15be","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b2afb54326689d0d2efb521e181787e6e1819d4187f17f57f86b9000a9cb15be"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XK22XMGXALE7XPC5SBERUO2H6E/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XK22XMGXALE7XPC5SBERUO2H6E/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XK22XMGXALE7XPC5SBERUO2H6E/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T01:56:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XK22XMGXALE7XPC5SBERUO2H6E","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XK22XMGXALE7XPC5SBERUO2H6E/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XK22XMGXALE7XPC5SBERUO2H6E/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XK22XMGXALE7XPC5SBERUO2H6E/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:XK22XMGXALE7XPC5SBERUO2H6E","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2b7926699abf636e87df90f592ffb2c77203d348cc0ec1c27031aefec5bd3417","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-06-16T16:51:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"5367acf854f96e33e694a909f6352e80fdfdb2d9471923e53c719c231faec559"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1606.05258","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1606.05258","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1606.05258v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1606.05258","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XK22XMGXALE7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XK22XMGXALE7XPC5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XK22XMGX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:51Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b2afb54326689d0d2efb521e181787e6e1819d4187f17f57f86b9000a9cb15be","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Sun's net radiative output varies on timescales of minutes to gigayears. Direct measurements of the total solar irradiance (TSI) show changes in the spatially- and spectrally-integrated radiant energy on timescales as short as minutes to as long as a solar cycle. Variations of ~0.01 % over a few minutes are caused by the ever-present superposition of convection and oscillations with very large solar flares on rare occasion causing slightly-larger measureable signals. On timescales of days to weeks, changing photospheric magnetic activity affects solar brightness at the ~0.1 % level. The 11","authors_text":"Greg Kopp","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-06-16T16:51:45Z","title":"Magnitudes and Timescales of Total Solar Irradiance Variability"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1606.05258","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c588435662c8cd8eb285c1872c076f1fe11e230a5e473fed0f403ea446bb448a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2b7926699abf636e87df90f592ffb2c77203d348cc0ec1c27031aefec5bd3417","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-06-16T16:51:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"5367acf854f96e33e694a909f6352e80fdfdb2d9471923e53c719c231faec559"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1606.05258","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"bab5abb0d702c9fbbc5d90491a3b47f112acaef1a1ff348780e4e92c702e8755","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bab5abb0d702c9fbbc5d90491a3b47f112acaef1a1ff348780e4e92c702e8755","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38.236813Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38.236813Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"uqRdvbMl8DXMytb5wGcfG7ITA5HtPKiQc/Oatzj7t6eaYB0XPHEoE1BFvYLfzgYQKKIAAQnTbfqpVyy0Fd0sDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:38.237180Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1606.05258","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c588435662c8cd8eb285c1872c076f1fe11e230a5e473fed0f403ea446bb448a","sha256:b2afb54326689d0d2efb521e181787e6e1819d4187f17f57f86b9000a9cb15be"],"state_sha256":"1abb54c26b7d5d0ba3b8975a9015b765129deb69d87d4a750a2499c989d5bc76"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BamuX0e4L1VmGIX/UfVv5EbI/hIOzZe1zOefuC1Q9w6CPdC8KC7FvhDSDQ5cwtMthVT+v3WChatgq/m7ZXxFAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T01:56:53.450362Z","bundle_sha256":"aa9c2b880597a381e560cb56ad75f142b61b1781ab0d5213d6f3ab57bdc64143"}}