{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:XK5LC33X4AX3JQ5XAMEEDELTJQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"95af6bf22bba3edf79de1a73ead7064809eacdb50887250532fcca3722026009","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2021-09-13T01:04:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"8af3c481ab2227a8f8f3fe6b33de02c8a41488b1fb9a3fe6ebe167f83eaa7882"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.05658","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.05658","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.05658v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.05658","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XK5LC33X4AX3","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XK5LC33X4AX3JQ5X","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XK5LC33X","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:49af164070b5f5ee671379ec6520473a4421b66370087e1ed031e5f762c2eaa1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2109.05658/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Measurement of social phenomena is everywhere, unavoidably, in sociotechnical systems. This is not (only) an academic point: Fairness-related harms emerge when there is a mismatch in the measurement process between the thing we purport to be measuring and the thing we actually measure. However, the measurement process -- where social, cultural, and political values are implicitly encoded in sociotechnical systems -- is almost always obscured. Furthermore, this obscured process is where important governance decisions are encoded: governance about which systems are fair, which individuals belong","authors_text":"Abigail Z. Jacobs","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2021-09-13T01:04:22Z","title":"Measurement as governance in and for responsible AI"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.05658","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:db33d1827a26508d76366f03774d068f3dad2dbe7033cdad5e972f48e88dec95","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"95af6bf22bba3edf79de1a73ead7064809eacdb50887250532fcca3722026009","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2021-09-13T01:04:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"8af3c481ab2227a8f8f3fe6b33de02c8a41488b1fb9a3fe6ebe167f83eaa7882"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.05658","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"babab16f77e02fb4c3b703084191734c0ff89e8a62d3026874bd9f6b093a3af0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"babab16f77e02fb4c3b703084191734c0ff89e8a62d3026874bd9f6b093a3af0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:40.996776Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:40.996776Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"0IbJTFS12JsSFrT7XO09Zy5d/HaI4qzLIob7z0/st1yjD+VSGi9soO2eBFuGWhiO3iiYJqGdbBZyhN6cmhWuAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:13:40.997169Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2109.05658","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:db33d1827a26508d76366f03774d068f3dad2dbe7033cdad5e972f48e88dec95","sha256:49af164070b5f5ee671379ec6520473a4421b66370087e1ed031e5f762c2eaa1"],"state_sha256":"8e8f2ef63e6adcb5ca1e55c32c6edde7a11a106408532d065b7f3c913a1ea999"}