{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:XK5YYMKHLQCT3NXRTRL2OPQRP6","short_pith_number":"pith:XK5YYMKH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1607.08862","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2016-07-29T16:15:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c3722e632fb768d63c46368fe03aa2cf3c83865c45e0bf281aa162cdfbef8882","abstract_canon_sha256":"2ed98853437ef7e057190b18b826ec3dc9f5c48c65d682004dbd478b6cf90438"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"babb8c31475c053db6f19c57a73e117f889f8c8ca64fd43fcbc284e6b36a18c9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1607.08862","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1607.08862","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1607.08862v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1607.08862","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XK5YYMKHLQCT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XK5YYMKHLQCT3NXR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XK5YYMKH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:51Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:XK5YYMKHLQCT3NXRTRL2OPQRP6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1607.08862","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2016-07-29T16:15:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c3722e632fb768d63c46368fe03aa2cf3c83865c45e0bf281aa162cdfbef8882","abstract_canon_sha256":"2ed98853437ef7e057190b18b826ec3dc9f5c48c65d682004dbd478b6cf90438"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"babb8c31475c053db6f19c57a73e117f889f8c8ca64fd43fcbc284e6b36a18c9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:07.832625Z","signature_b64":"TjeOHhxDv33jJl0ojy+3fVoPhUa+5JUqqNrQAh/km9+UeDiW7nQ9QBmUaB69vWVh13nknLkHeX1c7D/dpwW6CQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"babb8c31475c053db6f19c57a73e117f889f8c8ca64fd43fcbc284e6b36a18c9","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:07.832189Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:07.832189Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1607.08862","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"P9sg+tMpdxa7twLvKEQ0r3IDNrr2WKdtS9SyXz9lbyrwvH5AMfHZMQc+XOu66CZRW4vnfmgoGtys8xUS6uzcCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T09:11:03.879389Z"},"content_sha256":"427fea50c551a91845864c8b16c8164423969ee833f28af21df2e522fb7685cc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:427fea50c551a91845864c8b16c8164423969ee833f28af21df2e522fb7685cc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:XK5YYMKHLQCT3NXRTRL2OPQRP6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Cosmic Rays in a Galactic Breeze","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Andrew M. Taylor, Gwenael Giacinti","submitted_at":"2016-07-29T16:15:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"Motivated by the discovery of the non-thermal Fermi bubble features both below and above the Galactic plane, we investigate a scenario in which these bubbles are formed through Galacto-centric outflow. Cosmic rays (CR) both diffusing and advecting within a Galactic breeze outflow, interacting with the ambient gas present, give rise to gamma-ray emission, providing an approximately flat surface brightness profile of this emission, as observed. Applying the same outflow profile further out within the disk, the resultant effects on the observable CR spectral properties are determined. A hardening"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1607.08862","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WaxAOyvUBB+I/Y+WPwuFkLPb1pUfde87/navlyoX0QEgFQVCsbJphqlwAfIeZC1v/WqI2nkHhiZkCrKmY0KhDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T09:11:03.879758Z"},"content_sha256":"a787b56c1ca6f26ea9879dbc182c519c9dde2b2827bb800930e4b47f614b329e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a787b56c1ca6f26ea9879dbc182c519c9dde2b2827bb800930e4b47f614b329e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XK5YYMKHLQCT3NXRTRL2OPQRP6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XK5YYMKHLQCT3NXRTRL2OPQRP6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XK5YYMKHLQCT3NXRTRL2OPQRP6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T09:11:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XK5YYMKHLQCT3NXRTRL2OPQRP6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XK5YYMKHLQCT3NXRTRL2OPQRP6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XK5YYMKHLQCT3NXRTRL2OPQRP6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XK5YYMKHLQCT3NXRTRL2OPQRP6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:XK5YYMKHLQCT3NXRTRL2OPQRP6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2ed98853437ef7e057190b18b826ec3dc9f5c48c65d682004dbd478b6cf90438","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2016-07-29T16:15:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"c3722e632fb768d63c46368fe03aa2cf3c83865c45e0bf281aa162cdfbef8882"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1607.08862","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1607.08862","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1607.08862v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1607.08862","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XK5YYMKHLQCT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XK5YYMKHLQCT3NXR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XK5YYMKH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:51Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a787b56c1ca6f26ea9879dbc182c519c9dde2b2827bb800930e4b47f614b329e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Motivated by the discovery of the non-thermal Fermi bubble features both below and above the Galactic plane, we investigate a scenario in which these bubbles are formed through Galacto-centric outflow. Cosmic rays (CR) both diffusing and advecting within a Galactic breeze outflow, interacting with the ambient gas present, give rise to gamma-ray emission, providing an approximately flat surface brightness profile of this emission, as observed. Applying the same outflow profile further out within the disk, the resultant effects on the observable CR spectral properties are determined. A hardening","authors_text":"Andrew M. Taylor, Gwenael Giacinti","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2016-07-29T16:15:06Z","title":"Cosmic Rays in a Galactic Breeze"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1607.08862","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:427fea50c551a91845864c8b16c8164423969ee833f28af21df2e522fb7685cc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2ed98853437ef7e057190b18b826ec3dc9f5c48c65d682004dbd478b6cf90438","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2016-07-29T16:15:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"c3722e632fb768d63c46368fe03aa2cf3c83865c45e0bf281aa162cdfbef8882"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1607.08862","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"babb8c31475c053db6f19c57a73e117f889f8c8ca64fd43fcbc284e6b36a18c9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"babb8c31475c053db6f19c57a73e117f889f8c8ca64fd43fcbc284e6b36a18c9","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:07.832189Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:07.832189Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"TjeOHhxDv33jJl0ojy+3fVoPhUa+5JUqqNrQAh/km9+UeDiW7nQ9QBmUaB69vWVh13nknLkHeX1c7D/dpwW6CQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:07.832625Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1607.08862","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:427fea50c551a91845864c8b16c8164423969ee833f28af21df2e522fb7685cc","sha256:a787b56c1ca6f26ea9879dbc182c519c9dde2b2827bb800930e4b47f614b329e"],"state_sha256":"b8f4c6b12f97e2bfd581e6a2762dee282f1ccd9c97e9d39b033f9cd2461828fa"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HR2XHqcu1MldPYw9CSZ3Sj1gQjcyDa7JkEXgVFN3phQEkCBVQ3ufjIftd05SYlSiv4HwFQp5zLjUzrv5EcX5CA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T09:11:03.882107Z","bundle_sha256":"c81a4c82c8541d6f9fc94f0ee60f864a979eef1d8414397ae9bd1bf456b9b725"}}