{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:XKWPINONFDZWRY7ZIFMS6VBUHE","short_pith_number":"pith:XKWPINON","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2302.07588","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-02-15T11:02:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","q-bio.NC"],"title_canon_sha256":"1cf2cb38d8a8ba249b466d6dc4d8b8f31f028676d4c6d6d43aef3da532915172","abstract_canon_sha256":"1f3b8c22ec53bc8d835e0c8b8f6721472ad45829afe45943ce33a2f925353536"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"baacf435cd28f368e3f941592f5434393d75b2bbf4027314f303c5794dff7f46","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2302.07588","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2302.07588","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2302.07588v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.07588","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XKWPINONFDZW","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XKWPINONFDZWRY7Z","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XKWPINON","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:XKWPINONFDZWRY7ZIFMS6VBUHE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2302.07588","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-02-15T11:02:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","q-bio.NC"],"title_canon_sha256":"1cf2cb38d8a8ba249b466d6dc4d8b8f31f028676d4c6d6d43aef3da532915172","abstract_canon_sha256":"1f3b8c22ec53bc8d835e0c8b8f6721472ad45829afe45943ce33a2f925353536"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"baacf435cd28f368e3f941592f5434393d75b2bbf4027314f303c5794dff7f46","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03.964198Z","signature_b64":"6YQcHLSHfWEPrRFRQvZyWCETRo7hiWusP4XOrU1L+PsPM8mwt6Uu3anQduCwOiuqo+7ljM28J0Ud8WepHcMvDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"baacf435cd28f368e3f941592f5434393d75b2bbf4027314f303c5794dff7f46","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03.963826Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03.963826Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2302.07588","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4GQRLEJLkn3rYFXTVwe50GVaPH3e2nuXReR0kQuNCBNTLti75a58/+3xuoi22vA/kC6i6bPTRaEqFJOP8RtmDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T05:26:22.398947Z"},"content_sha256":"275baa062fa8ad311206597a826c4d695280de6fbacdd457225ef1b4c93b53a7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:275baa062fa8ad311206597a826c4d695280de6fbacdd457225ef1b4c93b53a7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:XKWPINONFDZWRY7ZIFMS6VBUHE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Word class representations spontaneously emerge in a deep neural network trained on next word prediction","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","q-bio.NC"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Achim Schilling, Andreas Maier, Kishore Surendra, Patrick Krauss, Paul Stoewer","submitted_at":"2023-02-15T11:02:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"How do humans learn language, and can the first language be learned at all? These fundamental questions are still hotly debated. In contemporary linguistics, there are two major schools of thought that give completely opposite answers. According to Chomsky's theory of universal grammar, language cannot be learned because children are not exposed to sufficient data in their linguistic environment. In contrast, usage-based models of language assume a profound relationship between language structure and language use. In particular, contextual mental processing and mental representations are assum"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.07588","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2302.07588/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nsruCPEhAjHPLPDAu6FjO11E9y2FpoMWXOa0UPS7PtAJr2Vm4r6gNkjCcqlFRILomWX87q+Dq2oQ/YJAFS8kBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T05:26:22.399420Z"},"content_sha256":"e36f53909ef781b97906da6eeb60dbfeafa3bab1ab6a7e0572f768760f7cd492","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e36f53909ef781b97906da6eeb60dbfeafa3bab1ab6a7e0572f768760f7cd492"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XKWPINONFDZWRY7ZIFMS6VBUHE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XKWPINONFDZWRY7ZIFMS6VBUHE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XKWPINONFDZWRY7ZIFMS6VBUHE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T05:26:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XKWPINONFDZWRY7ZIFMS6VBUHE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XKWPINONFDZWRY7ZIFMS6VBUHE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XKWPINONFDZWRY7ZIFMS6VBUHE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XKWPINONFDZWRY7ZIFMS6VBUHE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:XKWPINONFDZWRY7ZIFMS6VBUHE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1f3b8c22ec53bc8d835e0c8b8f6721472ad45829afe45943ce33a2f925353536","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","q-bio.NC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-02-15T11:02:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"1cf2cb38d8a8ba249b466d6dc4d8b8f31f028676d4c6d6d43aef3da532915172"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2302.07588","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2302.07588","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2302.07588v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.07588","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XKWPINONFDZW","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XKWPINONFDZWRY7Z","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XKWPINON","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e36f53909ef781b97906da6eeb60dbfeafa3bab1ab6a7e0572f768760f7cd492","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2302.07588/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"How do humans learn language, and can the first language be learned at all? These fundamental questions are still hotly debated. In contemporary linguistics, there are two major schools of thought that give completely opposite answers. According to Chomsky's theory of universal grammar, language cannot be learned because children are not exposed to sufficient data in their linguistic environment. In contrast, usage-based models of language assume a profound relationship between language structure and language use. In particular, contextual mental processing and mental representations are assum","authors_text":"Achim Schilling, Andreas Maier, Kishore Surendra, Patrick Krauss, Paul Stoewer","cross_cats":["cs.AI","q-bio.NC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-02-15T11:02:50Z","title":"Word class representations spontaneously emerge in a deep neural network trained on next word prediction"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.07588","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:275baa062fa8ad311206597a826c4d695280de6fbacdd457225ef1b4c93b53a7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1f3b8c22ec53bc8d835e0c8b8f6721472ad45829afe45943ce33a2f925353536","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","q-bio.NC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-02-15T11:02:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"1cf2cb38d8a8ba249b466d6dc4d8b8f31f028676d4c6d6d43aef3da532915172"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2302.07588","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"baacf435cd28f368e3f941592f5434393d75b2bbf4027314f303c5794dff7f46","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"baacf435cd28f368e3f941592f5434393d75b2bbf4027314f303c5794dff7f46","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03.963826Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03.963826Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"6YQcHLSHfWEPrRFRQvZyWCETRo7hiWusP4XOrU1L+PsPM8mwt6Uu3anQduCwOiuqo+7ljM28J0Ud8WepHcMvDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:42:03.964198Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2302.07588","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:275baa062fa8ad311206597a826c4d695280de6fbacdd457225ef1b4c93b53a7","sha256:e36f53909ef781b97906da6eeb60dbfeafa3bab1ab6a7e0572f768760f7cd492"],"state_sha256":"d704a091939663a3b373ee78aff1360bc1aa29206af8f38afa81b47154d4f621"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Qsc+BWlmo56Ss7SxpJsP2WzDtQgtyOhwzCOLCMUGMIG1lQW5KsVMa7GIS0rELU/n2b2w94BzhpEPbMQgmoPGCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T05:26:22.401731Z","bundle_sha256":"cd9d0bde5c44f8191fd6dbe93a42c4693dd80acae620326ef2d226b793acdbf9"}}