{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2017:XMSBN72X3X4WR2JA6CIQSU2QGN","short_pith_number":"pith:XMSBN72X","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"bb2416ff57ddf968e920f091095350334b0223a537472c68ee4ee93ef69de290","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1711.06468","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Sparse game changers restore collective motion in panicked human crowds","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Ajinkya Kulkarni, Mahesh V. Panchagnula, Sumesh P. Thampi","submitted_at":"2017-11-17T09:39:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Using a dynamic variant of the Vicsek model, we show that emergence of a crush from an orderly moving human crowd is a non-equilibrium first order phase transition. We also show that this transition can be reversed by modifying the dynamics of a few people, deemed as game changers. Surprisingly, the optimal placement of these game changers is found to be in regions of maximum local crowd speed. The presence of such game changers is effective owing to the discontinuous nature of the underlying phase transition. Thus our generic approach provides (i) strategies to delay crush formation and (ii) "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.06468","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-17T09:39:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7772f870e0b44cab66a9b4cda1ea36e6a0cef5c49e10fa31690f16b77a2a9215","abstract_canon_sha256":"e7cea6d0d3e11b3921b015284b300774cf9d2a0c74576c5ba16fc45299711325"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:54:44.313882Z","signature_b64":"woZAIyvUuJqGgMbqydIH9AekYMWl41KNI9Xlt0lvEkeJxaSOs1Sk0CrxyTMoSI9LwIa+kI5psrDbhvZpRq4fCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bb2416ff57ddf968e920f091095350334b0223a537472c68ee4ee93ef69de290","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:54:44.313476Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:54:44.313476Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Sparse game changers restore collective motion in panicked human crowds","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Ajinkya Kulkarni, Mahesh V. Panchagnula, Sumesh P. Thampi","submitted_at":"2017-11-17T09:39:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Using a dynamic variant of the Vicsek model, we show that emergence of a crush from an orderly moving human crowd is a non-equilibrium first order phase transition. We also show that this transition can be reversed by modifying the dynamics of a few people, deemed as game changers. Surprisingly, the optimal placement of these game changers is found to be in regions of maximum local crowd speed. The presence of such game changers is effective owing to the discontinuous nature of the underlying phase transition. Thus our generic approach provides (i) strategies to delay crush formation and (ii) "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.06468","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.06468","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:54:44.313539+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.06468v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:54:44.313539+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.06468","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:54:44.313539+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XMSBN72X3X4W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56.362134+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XMSBN72X3X4WR2JA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56.362134+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XMSBN72X","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56.362134+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/XMSBN72X3X4WR2JA6CIQSU2QGN","json":"https://pith.science/pith/XMSBN72X3X4WR2JA6CIQSU2QGN.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XMSBN72X3X4WR2JA6CIQSU2QGN/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XMSBN72X3X4WR2JA6CIQSU2QGN/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/XMSBN72X"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/XMSBN72X3X4WR2JA6CIQSU2QGN","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/XMSBN72X3X4WR2JA6CIQSU2QGN.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/XMSBN72X","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1711.06468&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XMSBN72X3X4WR2JA6CIQSU2QGN/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XMSBN72X3X4WR2JA6CIQSU2QGN/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/XMSBN72X3X4WR2JA6CIQSU2QGN/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/XMSBN72X3X4WR2JA6CIQSU2QGN/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/XMSBN72X3X4WR2JA6CIQSU2QGN/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/XMSBN72X3X4WR2JA6CIQSU2QGN/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/XMSBN72X3X4WR2JA6CIQSU2QGN/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:54:44.313539+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-17T23:54:44.313539+00:00"}