{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2006:XN3HFIW5YSV7P6YIFPQVFZJQZU","short_pith_number":"pith:XN3HFIW5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"physics/0610201","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2006-10-23T20:35:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.other"],"title_canon_sha256":"688669a119de51f03202fdee9d13d74e80421b57fa63967a64041ad45dd93d9f","abstract_canon_sha256":"f94378b6b78f20ee79ec250123d3969cd399109d70027f9d3cc78866ae8038cd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bb7672a2ddc4abf7fb082be152e530cd2a3ae26633763b14838fea83503f5688","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"physics/0610201","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"physics/0610201","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"physics/0610201v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.physics/0610201","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XN3HFIW5YSV7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XN3HFIW5YSV7P6YI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XN3HFIW5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2006:XN3HFIW5YSV7P6YIFPQVFZJQZU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"physics/0610201","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2006-10-23T20:35:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.other"],"title_canon_sha256":"688669a119de51f03202fdee9d13d74e80421b57fa63967a64041ad45dd93d9f","abstract_canon_sha256":"f94378b6b78f20ee79ec250123d3969cd399109d70027f9d3cc78866ae8038cd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bb7672a2ddc4abf7fb082be152e530cd2a3ae26633763b14838fea83503f5688","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52.616276Z","signature_b64":"lCACZXc41M3B+0IpgA4/n/kCZTYamtU9z3YvAQ0eNTylCz+oHRtnd28U0QZbhMQHPZptRRKg8fswD61kRP9UBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bb7672a2ddc4abf7fb082be152e530cd2a3ae26633763b14838fea83503f5688","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52.615468Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52.615468Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"physics/0610201","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HlGQu5D4je498WDbr6phvy1YkBYQ9qUuCw4OShEkGeKDs1h57FOzF53ofpBOUDvvAWpGdROvFfyyw0iw6B1CBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T11:12:11.426252Z"},"content_sha256":"03ac4bce66f52b27e093fb20a23b8678f98d64bc1bb5911c6163605dec543026","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:03ac4bce66f52b27e093fb20a23b8678f98d64bc1bb5911c6163605dec543026"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2006:XN3HFIW5YSV7P6YIFPQVFZJQZU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Pressure and Motion of Dry Sand -- Translation of Hagen's Paper from 1852","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.other"],"primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","authors_text":"Brian P. Tighe, Matthias Sperl","submitted_at":"2006-10-23T20:35:12Z","abstract_excerpt":"In a remarkable paper from 1852, Gotthilf Heinrich Ludwig Hagen measured and explained two fundamental aspects of granular matter: The first effect is the saturation of pressure with depth in a static granular system confined by silo walls -- generally known as the Janssen effect. The second part of his paper describes the dynamics observed during the flow out of the container -- today often called the Beverloo law -- and forms the foundation of the hourglass theory. The following is a translation of the original German paper from 1852."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"physics/0610201","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+o3BQg0Ya8d2fL0EG1bd/EyXi/mHRmERpkKmF6yoj4SCxOXkbJTTwtURc6/QF1w+74eFcn8cbvUrk5NxnXugAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T11:12:11.426615Z"},"content_sha256":"433d313ff9a3073983beab27c7e042de0a94d5023aaeb278104529eb4b411d63","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:433d313ff9a3073983beab27c7e042de0a94d5023aaeb278104529eb4b411d63"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XN3HFIW5YSV7P6YIFPQVFZJQZU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XN3HFIW5YSV7P6YIFPQVFZJQZU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XN3HFIW5YSV7P6YIFPQVFZJQZU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T11:12:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XN3HFIW5YSV7P6YIFPQVFZJQZU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XN3HFIW5YSV7P6YIFPQVFZJQZU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XN3HFIW5YSV7P6YIFPQVFZJQZU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XN3HFIW5YSV7P6YIFPQVFZJQZU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2006:XN3HFIW5YSV7P6YIFPQVFZJQZU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f94378b6b78f20ee79ec250123d3969cd399109d70027f9d3cc78866ae8038cd","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.other"],"license":"","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2006-10-23T20:35:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"688669a119de51f03202fdee9d13d74e80421b57fa63967a64041ad45dd93d9f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"physics/0610201","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"physics/0610201","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"physics/0610201v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.physics/0610201","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XN3HFIW5YSV7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XN3HFIW5YSV7P6YI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XN3HFIW5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:433d313ff9a3073983beab27c7e042de0a94d5023aaeb278104529eb4b411d63","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In a remarkable paper from 1852, Gotthilf Heinrich Ludwig Hagen measured and explained two fundamental aspects of granular matter: The first effect is the saturation of pressure with depth in a static granular system confined by silo walls -- generally known as the Janssen effect. The second part of his paper describes the dynamics observed during the flow out of the container -- today often called the Beverloo law -- and forms the foundation of the hourglass theory. The following is a translation of the original German paper from 1852.","authors_text":"Brian P. Tighe, Matthias Sperl","cross_cats":["cond-mat.other"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2006-10-23T20:35:12Z","title":"Pressure and Motion of Dry Sand -- Translation of Hagen's Paper from 1852"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"physics/0610201","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:03ac4bce66f52b27e093fb20a23b8678f98d64bc1bb5911c6163605dec543026","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f94378b6b78f20ee79ec250123d3969cd399109d70027f9d3cc78866ae8038cd","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.other"],"license":"","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2006-10-23T20:35:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"688669a119de51f03202fdee9d13d74e80421b57fa63967a64041ad45dd93d9f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"physics/0610201","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"bb7672a2ddc4abf7fb082be152e530cd2a3ae26633763b14838fea83503f5688","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bb7672a2ddc4abf7fb082be152e530cd2a3ae26633763b14838fea83503f5688","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52.615468Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52.615468Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"lCACZXc41M3B+0IpgA4/n/kCZTYamtU9z3YvAQ0eNTylCz+oHRtnd28U0QZbhMQHPZptRRKg8fswD61kRP9UBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:52.616276Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"physics/0610201","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:03ac4bce66f52b27e093fb20a23b8678f98d64bc1bb5911c6163605dec543026","sha256:433d313ff9a3073983beab27c7e042de0a94d5023aaeb278104529eb4b411d63"],"state_sha256":"7cae25c3891a3e287ea14e9aabac27ed32642dc66c19fa6f20d05bff5226a221"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"04h0zaxjDqdzBavYDm3RJG6EfdfJ0lkFcEPZpLCh1cDlzc//d/lWzbouLM0fHO8DEUi/7lpGpA5tInWtK07wAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T11:12:11.428536Z","bundle_sha256":"e32772e1fd7e11b5d2fa75f10df2c7bd652688c77b742cb4e36c9a310aee817e"}}