{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:XNDGNEDLIXCCUUYVJEHG5RSEIU","short_pith_number":"pith:XNDGNEDL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1708.08983","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2017-08-01T20:03:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"6df2ef76949c50c8b7896f4e7417db35d273e524c50826cdf87faba1a03887bc","abstract_canon_sha256":"b8cb5fec2a7d202327858e4f50d717795737ddab9c9b8f5101b8386b9ecc8e7c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bb4666906b45c42a5315490e6ec644451bfe80c7663fbad5ec4739e37ad01964","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1708.08983","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1708.08983","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1708.08983v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1708.08983","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XNDGNEDLIXCC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XNDGNEDLIXCCUUYV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XNDGNEDL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:XNDGNEDLIXCCUUYVJEHG5RSEIU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1708.08983","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2017-08-01T20:03:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"6df2ef76949c50c8b7896f4e7417db35d273e524c50826cdf87faba1a03887bc","abstract_canon_sha256":"b8cb5fec2a7d202327858e4f50d717795737ddab9c9b8f5101b8386b9ecc8e7c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bb4666906b45c42a5315490e6ec644451bfe80c7663fbad5ec4739e37ad01964","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:05.510586Z","signature_b64":"p2e0uD4Go/Y93vlNyqgUG6t/9b9ChpE7hYhhkiU2m+uesJSTIXVSisJW1Z9Y2+wQvpZQGDQTeLY4xCf9aMI1BQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bb4666906b45c42a5315490e6ec644451bfe80c7663fbad5ec4739e37ad01964","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:05.509987Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:05.509987Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1708.08983","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"G2O7T6/VMQvkajgGiEUyaadgLX/5myKVnOWMtH/vhTdvkRUHIavGGtdElVKozcbLKiu7GPgmAGupNohydGxHDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-19T20:21:13.534636Z"},"content_sha256":"dbadcd2450ef4c78737726acd0d955655f31f8cd8c62eabd2f685440cc95bc7b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dbadcd2450ef4c78737726acd0d955655f31f8cd8c62eabd2f685440cc95bc7b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:XNDGNEDLIXCCUUYVJEHG5RSEIU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An Adjustable Chance-Constrained Approach for Flexible Ramping Capacity Allocation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SY"],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Chen Shen, Feng Liu, Jianhui Wang, Xiangyu Wu, Zhiwen Wang","submitted_at":"2017-08-01T20:03:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"With the fast growth of wind power penetration, power systems need additional flexibility to cope with wind power ramping. Several electricity markets have established requirements for flexible ramping capacity (FRC) reserves. This paper addresses two crucial issues that have rarely been discussed in the literature: 1) how to characterize wind power ramping under different forecast values and 2) how to achieve a reasonable trade-off between operational risks and FRC costs. Regarding the first issue, this paper proposes a concept of conditional distributions of wind power ramping, which is empi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1708.08983","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"28UjWaAH1P6kXuAwYW/YUxwGDXXFWi1OfHF0FG+I2P0wr2q6AW3zPZSoM2Nd/VgFIXkHvah4RZJyAFIw00eeCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-19T20:21:13.534981Z"},"content_sha256":"aefbd923240bbb4ecabbe483122f1ce9210480e10502b2697640277071bde0d8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:aefbd923240bbb4ecabbe483122f1ce9210480e10502b2697640277071bde0d8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XNDGNEDLIXCCUUYVJEHG5RSEIU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XNDGNEDLIXCCUUYVJEHG5RSEIU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XNDGNEDLIXCCUUYVJEHG5RSEIU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-19T20:21:13Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XNDGNEDLIXCCUUYVJEHG5RSEIU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XNDGNEDLIXCCUUYVJEHG5RSEIU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XNDGNEDLIXCCUUYVJEHG5RSEIU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XNDGNEDLIXCCUUYVJEHG5RSEIU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:XNDGNEDLIXCCUUYVJEHG5RSEIU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b8cb5fec2a7d202327858e4f50d717795737ddab9c9b8f5101b8386b9ecc8e7c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2017-08-01T20:03:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"6df2ef76949c50c8b7896f4e7417db35d273e524c50826cdf87faba1a03887bc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1708.08983","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1708.08983","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1708.08983v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1708.08983","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XNDGNEDLIXCC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XNDGNEDLIXCCUUYV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XNDGNEDL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:aefbd923240bbb4ecabbe483122f1ce9210480e10502b2697640277071bde0d8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"With the fast growth of wind power penetration, power systems need additional flexibility to cope with wind power ramping. Several electricity markets have established requirements for flexible ramping capacity (FRC) reserves. This paper addresses two crucial issues that have rarely been discussed in the literature: 1) how to characterize wind power ramping under different forecast values and 2) how to achieve a reasonable trade-off between operational risks and FRC costs. Regarding the first issue, this paper proposes a concept of conditional distributions of wind power ramping, which is empi","authors_text":"Chen Shen, Feng Liu, Jianhui Wang, Xiangyu Wu, Zhiwen Wang","cross_cats":["cs.SY"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2017-08-01T20:03:32Z","title":"An Adjustable Chance-Constrained Approach for Flexible Ramping Capacity Allocation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1708.08983","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dbadcd2450ef4c78737726acd0d955655f31f8cd8c62eabd2f685440cc95bc7b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b8cb5fec2a7d202327858e4f50d717795737ddab9c9b8f5101b8386b9ecc8e7c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2017-08-01T20:03:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"6df2ef76949c50c8b7896f4e7417db35d273e524c50826cdf87faba1a03887bc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1708.08983","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"bb4666906b45c42a5315490e6ec644451bfe80c7663fbad5ec4739e37ad01964","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bb4666906b45c42a5315490e6ec644451bfe80c7663fbad5ec4739e37ad01964","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:05.509987Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:05.509987Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"p2e0uD4Go/Y93vlNyqgUG6t/9b9ChpE7hYhhkiU2m+uesJSTIXVSisJW1Z9Y2+wQvpZQGDQTeLY4xCf9aMI1BQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:05.510586Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1708.08983","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dbadcd2450ef4c78737726acd0d955655f31f8cd8c62eabd2f685440cc95bc7b","sha256:aefbd923240bbb4ecabbe483122f1ce9210480e10502b2697640277071bde0d8"],"state_sha256":"39bf686c0a026445906ed677aee3676c30eddf26e38a3fcae4c5cc48737191ac"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MbeBvw9G6+hxWh5rFlglmhGjV2iSuxJ/hswddpAM3cvKUE3/eygjjlDCZEA9asOIkSLz0vh2jSvhJbZ8tuGHDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-19T20:21:13.538202Z","bundle_sha256":"8a590e53db08fc8cf888b2da42d79bf76d8b24e5ddd7494e43ddd91552fd0348"}}