{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:XNGCWSSUCA34DQGSNK3N4OVSZA","short_pith_number":"pith:XNGCWSSU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1506.01100","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-06-03T01:17:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"77b10c96dd68f28e715fdd82b10f3118fb3109d61602059d4c53cf6df8f9779b","abstract_canon_sha256":"2dd147b3b820886fa6c19cbfb75630c5ad09887c2870346aafebfc8b1aa232f7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bb4c2b4a541037c1c0d26ab6de3ab2c801bd300b26ba411315a384ff73a4af2d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1506.01100","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1506.01100","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1506.01100v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1506.01100","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XNGCWSSUCA34","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XNGCWSSUCA34DQGS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XNGCWSSU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:XNGCWSSUCA34DQGSNK3N4OVSZA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1506.01100","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-06-03T01:17:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"77b10c96dd68f28e715fdd82b10f3118fb3109d61602059d4c53cf6df8f9779b","abstract_canon_sha256":"2dd147b3b820886fa6c19cbfb75630c5ad09887c2870346aafebfc8b1aa232f7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bb4c2b4a541037c1c0d26ab6de3ab2c801bd300b26ba411315a384ff73a4af2d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:18.416238Z","signature_b64":"M1EEgXuh9EspMtERsS/rk+U9IoXXa6JSZ6/rt4yxbNizwb/JAV5x/aKDuucsxeYOfg/t61CHNPS0tKsrYxhXCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bb4c2b4a541037c1c0d26ab6de3ab2c801bd300b26ba411315a384ff73a4af2d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:18.415612Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:18.415612Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1506.01100","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5Jc9QyEwVEJI3Nx7I41bpk9pXTaQNKrWp5TkKd002KeuGJ/E0Qb/4VgXLyg+Vik6DD/6kTu6LihvOvpRR8kSDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T18:31:10.665826Z"},"content_sha256":"2476f0a168be3a2c3287983af7c893fca957e5d1652d3d6940a60be173d9c444","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2476f0a168be3a2c3287983af7c893fca957e5d1652d3d6940a60be173d9c444"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:XNGCWSSUCA34DQGSNK3N4OVSZA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Fingers-of-God effect of infalling satellite galaxies","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Chiaki Hikage, Kazuhiro Yamamoto","submitted_at":"2015-06-03T01:17:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"Nonlinear redshift-space distortion known as the Fingers-of-God (FoG) effect is a major systematic uncertainty in redshift-space distortion studies conducted to test gravity models. The FoG effect has been usually attributed to the random motion of galaxies inside their clusters. When the internal galaxy motion is not well virialized, however, the coherent infalling motion toward the cluster center generates the FoG effect. Here we derive an analytical model of the satellite velocity distribution due to the infall motion combined with the random motion. We show that the velocity distribution b"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1506.01100","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GYJwMF6PivCXJM6rFhW5ZwhY27yaEV6Cjyf49X/gN4xbJFXWqfgUPExB0MOZXlO+N/GwGALjjOBNPQfzf8gKDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T18:31:10.666559Z"},"content_sha256":"35435e66f5388b95086f71655c4552e91b57fd20cb580d3c47e834cb38f3ef52","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:35435e66f5388b95086f71655c4552e91b57fd20cb580d3c47e834cb38f3ef52"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XNGCWSSUCA34DQGSNK3N4OVSZA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XNGCWSSUCA34DQGSNK3N4OVSZA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XNGCWSSUCA34DQGSNK3N4OVSZA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T18:31:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XNGCWSSUCA34DQGSNK3N4OVSZA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XNGCWSSUCA34DQGSNK3N4OVSZA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XNGCWSSUCA34DQGSNK3N4OVSZA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XNGCWSSUCA34DQGSNK3N4OVSZA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:XNGCWSSUCA34DQGSNK3N4OVSZA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2dd147b3b820886fa6c19cbfb75630c5ad09887c2870346aafebfc8b1aa232f7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-06-03T01:17:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"77b10c96dd68f28e715fdd82b10f3118fb3109d61602059d4c53cf6df8f9779b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1506.01100","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1506.01100","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1506.01100v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1506.01100","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XNGCWSSUCA34","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XNGCWSSUCA34DQGS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XNGCWSSU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:35435e66f5388b95086f71655c4552e91b57fd20cb580d3c47e834cb38f3ef52","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Nonlinear redshift-space distortion known as the Fingers-of-God (FoG) effect is a major systematic uncertainty in redshift-space distortion studies conducted to test gravity models. The FoG effect has been usually attributed to the random motion of galaxies inside their clusters. When the internal galaxy motion is not well virialized, however, the coherent infalling motion toward the cluster center generates the FoG effect. Here we derive an analytical model of the satellite velocity distribution due to the infall motion combined with the random motion. We show that the velocity distribution b","authors_text":"Chiaki Hikage, Kazuhiro Yamamoto","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-06-03T01:17:54Z","title":"Fingers-of-God effect of infalling satellite galaxies"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1506.01100","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2476f0a168be3a2c3287983af7c893fca957e5d1652d3d6940a60be173d9c444","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2dd147b3b820886fa6c19cbfb75630c5ad09887c2870346aafebfc8b1aa232f7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-06-03T01:17:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"77b10c96dd68f28e715fdd82b10f3118fb3109d61602059d4c53cf6df8f9779b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1506.01100","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"bb4c2b4a541037c1c0d26ab6de3ab2c801bd300b26ba411315a384ff73a4af2d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bb4c2b4a541037c1c0d26ab6de3ab2c801bd300b26ba411315a384ff73a4af2d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:18.415612Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:18.415612Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"M1EEgXuh9EspMtERsS/rk+U9IoXXa6JSZ6/rt4yxbNizwb/JAV5x/aKDuucsxeYOfg/t61CHNPS0tKsrYxhXCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:18.416238Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1506.01100","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2476f0a168be3a2c3287983af7c893fca957e5d1652d3d6940a60be173d9c444","sha256:35435e66f5388b95086f71655c4552e91b57fd20cb580d3c47e834cb38f3ef52"],"state_sha256":"758216862d0011416a7d83fdf227c49d14326e0998abf8848cbb859c47321e31"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8MCrhfBcJzTZU8P41QE74XzTECmADjs+3P/9WwhZL2y9GK1DGud4ER2IouTBh2Gf5O2wqUorJ+ItxWGTKJAkBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T18:31:10.670682Z","bundle_sha256":"89ddcc3b69a9038d5d9095c590467bde79c479d9cc6b0418b66bd9264db0be91"}}