{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:XNV6EEAZ32LRXNIAU4UVXYDRQD","short_pith_number":"pith:XNV6EEAZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2203.14803","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2022-03-28T14:44:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"bd4a13280eba4aa997c95c1fa825f1ed1c20efccba6a12000a5f91c680653e33","abstract_canon_sha256":"742ea31e5139fac0cd35ad1e4a00c76ae49a1fdadf518c64f2c56a3d9afb6d34"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bb6be21019de971bb500a7295be07180fbd98613a8cc5b0b8386919316d42db6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2203.14803","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2203.14803","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2203.14803v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2203.14803","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XNV6EEAZ32LR","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XNV6EEAZ32LRXNIA","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XNV6EEAZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:XNV6EEAZ32LRXNIAU4UVXYDRQD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2203.14803","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2022-03-28T14:44:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"bd4a13280eba4aa997c95c1fa825f1ed1c20efccba6a12000a5f91c680653e33","abstract_canon_sha256":"742ea31e5139fac0cd35ad1e4a00c76ae49a1fdadf518c64f2c56a3d9afb6d34"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bb6be21019de971bb500a7295be07180fbd98613a8cc5b0b8386919316d42db6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15.151811Z","signature_b64":"/+FAUDsrREcyP1/Gx3p1Yu6RK3OcRTvu9k+CG378b8YIdqmWCpw0HXdsEEYSgA7nEeVwfu8K25XGF8GrptmJAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bb6be21019de971bb500a7295be07180fbd98613a8cc5b0b8386919316d42db6","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15.151285Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15.151285Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2203.14803","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TIfkbwmlkq/cEiXuxmjGQmWVdc4cg8X/4udnaYEfNJJP9sBAq3VWOk+EkxCeobd+Flx5sFJtknYGibBiRFJ3Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T11:24:39.510381Z"},"content_sha256":"7e832c7b97e5f9b895ca5950647f083d6130b890b4e1c6cf9d31e5eccc115711","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7e832c7b97e5f9b895ca5950647f083d6130b890b4e1c6cf9d31e5eccc115711"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:XNV6EEAZ32LRXNIAU4UVXYDRQD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"MixNN: A design for protecting deep learning models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.DC","authors_text":"Chao Liu, Hao Chen, Rui Jin, Yusen Wu","submitted_at":"2022-03-28T14:44:35Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we propose a novel design, called MixNN, for protecting deep learning model structure and parameters. The layers in a deep learning model of MixNN are fully decentralized. It hides communication address, layer parameters and operations, and forward as well as backward message flows among non-adjacent layers using the ideas from mix networks. MixNN has following advantages: 1) an adversary cannot fully control all layers of a model including the structure and parameters, 2) even some layers may collude but they cannot tamper with other honest layers, 3) model privacy is preserved"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2203.14803","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2203.14803/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9BEpqBlJON14tM1NFS4q+sAjgpq1jmGFgNQMw+9uBxM5nM9jm8ap2ha7pE/uq2GKWG9hP66ApYudu9zSgNWjBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T11:24:39.511391Z"},"content_sha256":"0a5879c81b84207d5d4497d68200b8d1f3ed77dd0785f3b920f4576142edf7d3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0a5879c81b84207d5d4497d68200b8d1f3ed77dd0785f3b920f4576142edf7d3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XNV6EEAZ32LRXNIAU4UVXYDRQD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XNV6EEAZ32LRXNIAU4UVXYDRQD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XNV6EEAZ32LRXNIAU4UVXYDRQD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T11:24:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XNV6EEAZ32LRXNIAU4UVXYDRQD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XNV6EEAZ32LRXNIAU4UVXYDRQD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XNV6EEAZ32LRXNIAU4UVXYDRQD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XNV6EEAZ32LRXNIAU4UVXYDRQD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:XNV6EEAZ32LRXNIAU4UVXYDRQD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"742ea31e5139fac0cd35ad1e4a00c76ae49a1fdadf518c64f2c56a3d9afb6d34","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2022-03-28T14:44:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"bd4a13280eba4aa997c95c1fa825f1ed1c20efccba6a12000a5f91c680653e33"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2203.14803","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2203.14803","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2203.14803v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2203.14803","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XNV6EEAZ32LR","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XNV6EEAZ32LRXNIA","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XNV6EEAZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0a5879c81b84207d5d4497d68200b8d1f3ed77dd0785f3b920f4576142edf7d3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2203.14803/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we propose a novel design, called MixNN, for protecting deep learning model structure and parameters. The layers in a deep learning model of MixNN are fully decentralized. It hides communication address, layer parameters and operations, and forward as well as backward message flows among non-adjacent layers using the ideas from mix networks. MixNN has following advantages: 1) an adversary cannot fully control all layers of a model including the structure and parameters, 2) even some layers may collude but they cannot tamper with other honest layers, 3) model privacy is preserved","authors_text":"Chao Liu, Hao Chen, Rui Jin, Yusen Wu","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2022-03-28T14:44:35Z","title":"MixNN: A design for protecting deep learning models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2203.14803","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7e832c7b97e5f9b895ca5950647f083d6130b890b4e1c6cf9d31e5eccc115711","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"742ea31e5139fac0cd35ad1e4a00c76ae49a1fdadf518c64f2c56a3d9afb6d34","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2022-03-28T14:44:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"bd4a13280eba4aa997c95c1fa825f1ed1c20efccba6a12000a5f91c680653e33"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2203.14803","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"bb6be21019de971bb500a7295be07180fbd98613a8cc5b0b8386919316d42db6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bb6be21019de971bb500a7295be07180fbd98613a8cc5b0b8386919316d42db6","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15.151285Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15.151285Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"/+FAUDsrREcyP1/Gx3p1Yu6RK3OcRTvu9k+CG378b8YIdqmWCpw0HXdsEEYSgA7nEeVwfu8K25XGF8GrptmJAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:15:15.151811Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2203.14803","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7e832c7b97e5f9b895ca5950647f083d6130b890b4e1c6cf9d31e5eccc115711","sha256:0a5879c81b84207d5d4497d68200b8d1f3ed77dd0785f3b920f4576142edf7d3"],"state_sha256":"867e9ca4314534ee6551e1b16c4754db6735ad41deb73dd8dde66829c0c374f1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jFy8Yb7SflWvl8X8trjXV/oogvQXBTOC3s8h6fhtbdDkRQIDFtTTsdsr8qZR1As7ViVWsD92sdjH8qfDs6rhBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T11:24:39.517210Z","bundle_sha256":"439ca63953fa48be9605f52311983dcb1ddd1afb900a6cda16eb52bcd95fe84b"}}