{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:XNYHQPFCEHMJRYXOUR2IBSAXZL","short_pith_number":"pith:XNYHQPFC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.14837","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T13:42:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b0264f947d7a455593f5cf2bc446ea346d6f6856d8322e96e7706eefc2f7c41a","abstract_canon_sha256":"5f855295352b1c2d83d977b4591f73664b14119fa4902505870b0ca62e425e90"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bb70783ca221d898e2eea47480c817cacc1243be02f3971fa40b784d2f56f155","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.14837","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.14837","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.14837v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.14837","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XNYHQPFCEHMJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XNYHQPFCEHMJRYXO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XNYHQPFC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:XNYHQPFCEHMJRYXOUR2IBSAXZL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.14837","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T13:42:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b0264f947d7a455593f5cf2bc446ea346d6f6856d8322e96e7706eefc2f7c41a","abstract_canon_sha256":"5f855295352b1c2d83d977b4591f73664b14119fa4902505870b0ca62e425e90"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bb70783ca221d898e2eea47480c817cacc1243be02f3971fa40b784d2f56f155","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:57.982769Z","signature_b64":"sQWSpA5v81Dastl95bNoVOZPy7kTKtaCGZFGZeEMblAuBs9IgHcKHcT8zNMQeu+SHTrrzFuck1RtW+yX8gMUCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bb70783ca221d898e2eea47480c817cacc1243be02f3971fa40b784d2f56f155","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:57.981746Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:57.981746Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2605.14837","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1NpairhGv1OT6+TuTubNEJV/wO3UTaPUluN8eJwN7i8hCVTSgcY2zR3w96t5V6VB9gUIb+Tu7tK7tTkhtH3RBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T07:46:19.997501Z"},"content_sha256":"a151e6133e76e2b58302b100f5bf22414237c2da3e3e7c2a08ff3cfca621092d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a151e6133e76e2b58302b100f5bf22414237c2da3e3e7c2a08ff3cfca621092d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:XNYHQPFCEHMJRYXOUR2IBSAXZL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Making AFDM Secure Against Eavesdroppers: A Phase Function Design Approach","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"eess.SP","authors_text":"Arman Farhang, Hengxuan Liu, Vincent Savaux","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T13:42:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) has recently emerged as a promising waveform for high-mobility communications due to its resilience to Doppler effects and its advantages for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). AFDM modulates transmit data symbols using chirp subcarriers with two adjustable parameters. One is used for dealing with the Doppler effect and the second parameter can be used for physical layer security (PLS). In this paper, we focus on designing the second chirp parameter in the form of a generic phase function to enhance the robustness of the waveform against "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.14837","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gb7lypyaLWorLqFb8yjKPnNivgubxB3Bary1Yr8wxEL7j6a3uzBNOtwgWQ16BArmE91h4P/VPXfitou/FaEkDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T07:46:19.997850Z"},"content_sha256":"dbf361b7f3369fd69676d5c4e2833ca53fafb6bfddb56de62580ab0581285951","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dbf361b7f3369fd69676d5c4e2833ca53fafb6bfddb56de62580ab0581285951"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XNYHQPFCEHMJRYXOUR2IBSAXZL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XNYHQPFCEHMJRYXOUR2IBSAXZL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XNYHQPFCEHMJRYXOUR2IBSAXZL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-24T07:46:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XNYHQPFCEHMJRYXOUR2IBSAXZL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XNYHQPFCEHMJRYXOUR2IBSAXZL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XNYHQPFCEHMJRYXOUR2IBSAXZL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XNYHQPFCEHMJRYXOUR2IBSAXZL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:XNYHQPFCEHMJRYXOUR2IBSAXZL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5f855295352b1c2d83d977b4591f73664b14119fa4902505870b0ca62e425e90","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T13:42:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"b0264f947d7a455593f5cf2bc446ea346d6f6856d8322e96e7706eefc2f7c41a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.14837","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.14837","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.14837v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.14837","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XNYHQPFCEHMJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XNYHQPFCEHMJRYXO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XNYHQPFC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:dbf361b7f3369fd69676d5c4e2833ca53fafb6bfddb56de62580ab0581285951","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) has recently emerged as a promising waveform for high-mobility communications due to its resilience to Doppler effects and its advantages for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). AFDM modulates transmit data symbols using chirp subcarriers with two adjustable parameters. One is used for dealing with the Doppler effect and the second parameter can be used for physical layer security (PLS). In this paper, we focus on designing the second chirp parameter in the form of a generic phase function to enhance the robustness of the waveform against ","authors_text":"Arman Farhang, Hengxuan Liu, Vincent Savaux","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T13:42:57Z","title":"Making AFDM Secure Against Eavesdroppers: A Phase Function Design Approach"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.14837","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a151e6133e76e2b58302b100f5bf22414237c2da3e3e7c2a08ff3cfca621092d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5f855295352b1c2d83d977b4591f73664b14119fa4902505870b0ca62e425e90","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T13:42:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"b0264f947d7a455593f5cf2bc446ea346d6f6856d8322e96e7706eefc2f7c41a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.14837","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"bb70783ca221d898e2eea47480c817cacc1243be02f3971fa40b784d2f56f155","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bb70783ca221d898e2eea47480c817cacc1243be02f3971fa40b784d2f56f155","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:57.981746Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:57.981746Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sQWSpA5v81Dastl95bNoVOZPy7kTKtaCGZFGZeEMblAuBs9IgHcKHcT8zNMQeu+SHTrrzFuck1RtW+yX8gMUCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:57.982769Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2605.14837","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a151e6133e76e2b58302b100f5bf22414237c2da3e3e7c2a08ff3cfca621092d","sha256:dbf361b7f3369fd69676d5c4e2833ca53fafb6bfddb56de62580ab0581285951"],"state_sha256":"c966b42f3f64d99e2f726e84162cf373b60acd4a88708fb64518e03592b63604"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SnfJUSY8ItoXegemg1sQKW3dRhO3OsGE1gNl4lvFms/kyPEbIzE8vvib41sP1idobS4dKjNQh7Y00bLfHDolCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T07:46:19.999946Z","bundle_sha256":"9c44cef6337e8c8555236b8ba3bf2978088798d3403f363fc9b2d41e1625dabd"}}