{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:XNZKOGXYXFWKO6CDCZGYQVSK5V","short_pith_number":"pith:XNZKOGXY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1510.02045","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2015-10-07T18:02:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"cf297e778756c8c29890daf6701f0d7079b5ec19a85bb366cbf5b00587c09e91","abstract_canon_sha256":"d6aec626814aebd9c778a9c4070eb94fbd3ab23c63d7bfc74a484a9114d6bd66"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bb72a71af8b96ca77843164d88564aed61c58d2148cf21f1eb8748f7e026f2ea","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1510.02045","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1510.02045","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1510.02045v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1510.02045","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XNZKOGXYXFWK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XNZKOGXYXFWKO6CD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XNZKOGXY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:XNZKOGXYXFWKO6CDCZGYQVSK5V","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1510.02045","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2015-10-07T18:02:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"cf297e778756c8c29890daf6701f0d7079b5ec19a85bb366cbf5b00587c09e91","abstract_canon_sha256":"d6aec626814aebd9c778a9c4070eb94fbd3ab23c63d7bfc74a484a9114d6bd66"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bb72a71af8b96ca77843164d88564aed61c58d2148cf21f1eb8748f7e026f2ea","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:49.816053Z","signature_b64":"JVwjQ6x9PvJi7sFR7fgLtE0z+8rOSqoRtasShKqe7onjJcBkYqatlIqmVlGWMY49h29SAJ8SBBWajmAVQFRPBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bb72a71af8b96ca77843164d88564aed61c58d2148cf21f1eb8748f7e026f2ea","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:49.815482Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:49.815482Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1510.02045","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/OhyqT8CW1Bs2g0rv8kogj4l4GPtRQBMAPhLEtHYq9seih2de/rKQisPHLDUT/Z4pnLBbkuis6hz4CN5pKdBDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T20:20:08.135866Z"},"content_sha256":"2f0dac889bbea4616f03c51786c59a537e45f10c01445dee92da23a0f0ffd54f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2f0dac889bbea4616f03c51786c59a537e45f10c01445dee92da23a0f0ffd54f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:XNZKOGXYXFWKO6CDCZGYQVSK5V","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Budget Constraints in Prediction Markets","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.GT","authors_text":"David M. Pennock, Miroslav Dud\\'ik, Nikhil Devanur, Zhiyi Huang","submitted_at":"2015-10-07T18:02:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"We give a detailed characterization of optimal trades under budget constraints in a prediction market with a cost-function-based automated market maker. We study how the budget constraints of individual traders affect their ability to impact the market price. As a concrete application of our characterization, we give sufficient conditions for a property we call budget additivity: two traders with budgets B and B' and the same beliefs would have a combined impact equal to a single trader with budget B+B'. That way, even if a single trader cannot move the market much, a crowd of like-minded trad"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1510.02045","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qbdxAw31YS3V37k9kY1Njezn/YiRWWh4Zih09kDZZQGgGk73JR/dOThsFRSuUaIni6VRgez8zUbqasXco5IdDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T20:20:08.136517Z"},"content_sha256":"774ac31c03f935022fe2886e7ac607b7dcaef6eb8f119c5e6070dd4c043e859b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:774ac31c03f935022fe2886e7ac607b7dcaef6eb8f119c5e6070dd4c043e859b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XNZKOGXYXFWKO6CDCZGYQVSK5V/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XNZKOGXYXFWKO6CDCZGYQVSK5V/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XNZKOGXYXFWKO6CDCZGYQVSK5V/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T20:20:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XNZKOGXYXFWKO6CDCZGYQVSK5V","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XNZKOGXYXFWKO6CDCZGYQVSK5V/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XNZKOGXYXFWKO6CDCZGYQVSK5V/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XNZKOGXYXFWKO6CDCZGYQVSK5V/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:XNZKOGXYXFWKO6CDCZGYQVSK5V","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d6aec626814aebd9c778a9c4070eb94fbd3ab23c63d7bfc74a484a9114d6bd66","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2015-10-07T18:02:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"cf297e778756c8c29890daf6701f0d7079b5ec19a85bb366cbf5b00587c09e91"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1510.02045","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1510.02045","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1510.02045v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1510.02045","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XNZKOGXYXFWK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XNZKOGXYXFWKO6CD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XNZKOGXY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:774ac31c03f935022fe2886e7ac607b7dcaef6eb8f119c5e6070dd4c043e859b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We give a detailed characterization of optimal trades under budget constraints in a prediction market with a cost-function-based automated market maker. We study how the budget constraints of individual traders affect their ability to impact the market price. As a concrete application of our characterization, we give sufficient conditions for a property we call budget additivity: two traders with budgets B and B' and the same beliefs would have a combined impact equal to a single trader with budget B+B'. That way, even if a single trader cannot move the market much, a crowd of like-minded trad","authors_text":"David M. Pennock, Miroslav Dud\\'ik, Nikhil Devanur, Zhiyi Huang","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2015-10-07T18:02:01Z","title":"Budget Constraints in Prediction Markets"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1510.02045","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2f0dac889bbea4616f03c51786c59a537e45f10c01445dee92da23a0f0ffd54f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d6aec626814aebd9c778a9c4070eb94fbd3ab23c63d7bfc74a484a9114d6bd66","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2015-10-07T18:02:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"cf297e778756c8c29890daf6701f0d7079b5ec19a85bb366cbf5b00587c09e91"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1510.02045","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"bb72a71af8b96ca77843164d88564aed61c58d2148cf21f1eb8748f7e026f2ea","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bb72a71af8b96ca77843164d88564aed61c58d2148cf21f1eb8748f7e026f2ea","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:49.815482Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:49.815482Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JVwjQ6x9PvJi7sFR7fgLtE0z+8rOSqoRtasShKqe7onjJcBkYqatlIqmVlGWMY49h29SAJ8SBBWajmAVQFRPBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:49.816053Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1510.02045","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2f0dac889bbea4616f03c51786c59a537e45f10c01445dee92da23a0f0ffd54f","sha256:774ac31c03f935022fe2886e7ac607b7dcaef6eb8f119c5e6070dd4c043e859b"],"state_sha256":"24f2c864e7076d8cfdc7ea33c60eca07404d126db24f04cc5b7bd57085178b97"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NSWi9iKv+UefEOQf3R3nTvxztxdmSCxMlSBkmlZuJA05DJ+mvJdsebZ1KYt21ocEoFnaxjhbUfLQzeIPUMSvAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T20:20:08.139960Z","bundle_sha256":"3432b0b6dcadc845088ea0604f8d6700b91e9bdd00ef267c5979bed59c09fde6"}}