{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2010:XQE4KMAM3BQSBKNBYTIWECFG25","short_pith_number":"pith:XQE4KMAM","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"bc09c5300cd86120a9a1c4d16208a6d7604dd0539022286eb8f8701e7eddf630","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1011.0991","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Dense Molecular Gas Excitation at High Redshift: Detection of HCO+(J=4-3) Emission in the Cloverleaf Quasar","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"2, (2) MPIA, (3) Nrao, (4) IRAM, (5) MPIfR, (6) AIfA, 7), (7) Hubble Fellow), Axel Weiss (5), Christopher L. Carilli (3), Dominik A. Riechers (1, Fabian Walter (2), Frank Bertoldi (6), Karl M. Menten (5) ((1) Caltech, Pierre Cox (4)","submitted_at":"2010-11-03T19:59:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"We report the detection of HCO+(J=4-3) emission in the Cloverleaf Quasar at z=2.56, using the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer. HCO+ emission is a star formation indicator similar to HCN, tracing dense molecular hydrogen gas (n(H2) ~= 10^5 cm^-3) within star-forming molecular clouds. We derive a lensing-corrected HCO+(J=4-3) line luminosity of L'(HCO+(4-3)) = (1.6+/-0.3) x 10^9 (mu_L/11)^-1 K km/s pc^2, which corresponds to only 48% of the HCO+(J=1=0) luminosity, and <~4% of the CO(J=3-2) luminosity. The HCO+ excitation thus is clearly subthermal in the J=4-3 transition. Modeling of the HCO"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1011.0991","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2010-11-03T19:59:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f138ba29a8e81a76e3bffebe1ef7882388a34f2eb3b2f60dee6d9dbe1234905c","abstract_canon_sha256":"afdf672026e27f2caeaffbb2f7e6d3726706c29ececf6c230786c293b4b43a6f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:54.622168Z","signature_b64":"2Etk8fIj0mtNkxcOS+pyMp63dnvtROFL1hpJ9UUsv4sz81iXOZfyxe335L4evpkpq7cv74pAdOLHdwbLt121Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bc09c5300cd86120a9a1c4d16208a6d7604dd0539022286eb8f8701e7eddf630","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:54.621681Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:54.621681Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Dense Molecular Gas Excitation at High Redshift: Detection of HCO+(J=4-3) Emission in the Cloverleaf Quasar","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"2, (2) MPIA, (3) Nrao, (4) IRAM, (5) MPIfR, (6) AIfA, 7), (7) Hubble Fellow), Axel Weiss (5), Christopher L. Carilli (3), Dominik A. Riechers (1, Fabian Walter (2), Frank Bertoldi (6), Karl M. Menten (5) ((1) Caltech, Pierre Cox (4)","submitted_at":"2010-11-03T19:59:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"We report the detection of HCO+(J=4-3) emission in the Cloverleaf Quasar at z=2.56, using the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer. HCO+ emission is a star formation indicator similar to HCN, tracing dense molecular hydrogen gas (n(H2) ~= 10^5 cm^-3) within star-forming molecular clouds. We derive a lensing-corrected HCO+(J=4-3) line luminosity of L'(HCO+(4-3)) = (1.6+/-0.3) x 10^9 (mu_L/11)^-1 K km/s pc^2, which corresponds to only 48% of the HCO+(J=1=0) luminosity, and <~4% of the CO(J=3-2) luminosity. The HCO+ excitation thus is clearly subthermal in the J=4-3 transition. Modeling of the HCO"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1011.0991","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1011.0991","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:54.621761+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1011.0991v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:54.621761+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1011.0991","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:54.621761+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XQE4KMAM3BQS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:17.028572+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XQE4KMAM3BQSBKNB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:17.028572+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XQE4KMAM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:17.028572+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/XQE4KMAM3BQSBKNBYTIWECFG25","json":"https://pith.science/pith/XQE4KMAM3BQSBKNBYTIWECFG25.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XQE4KMAM3BQSBKNBYTIWECFG25/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XQE4KMAM3BQSBKNBYTIWECFG25/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/XQE4KMAM"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/XQE4KMAM3BQSBKNBYTIWECFG25","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/XQE4KMAM3BQSBKNBYTIWECFG25.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/XQE4KMAM","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1011.0991&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XQE4KMAM3BQSBKNBYTIWECFG25/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XQE4KMAM3BQSBKNBYTIWECFG25/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/XQE4KMAM3BQSBKNBYTIWECFG25/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/XQE4KMAM3BQSBKNBYTIWECFG25/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/XQE4KMAM3BQSBKNBYTIWECFG25/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/XQE4KMAM3BQSBKNBYTIWECFG25/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/XQE4KMAM3BQSBKNBYTIWECFG25/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:54.621761+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:54.621761+00:00"}