{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:XRPVMSADEQUUE3V5SH5LPSVUYF","short_pith_number":"pith:XRPVMSAD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1803.10400","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-03-28T03:27:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4939f5b82c1a7cd9df0a07717eeeb2525d42e20494338a1910c0ac84ff755a50","abstract_canon_sha256":"302c31563f165b8de155a715639d7858cbf0ce55cf4d7121ece7ffda614b2de0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bc5f5648032429426ebd91fab7cab4c17b82fb41a629292cd79ca5237a31e419","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1803.10400","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1803.10400","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1803.10400v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1803.10400","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XRPVMSADEQUU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XRPVMSADEQUUE3V5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XRPVMSAD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:XRPVMSADEQUUE3V5SH5LPSVUYF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1803.10400","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-03-28T03:27:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4939f5b82c1a7cd9df0a07717eeeb2525d42e20494338a1910c0ac84ff755a50","abstract_canon_sha256":"302c31563f165b8de155a715639d7858cbf0ce55cf4d7121ece7ffda614b2de0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bc5f5648032429426ebd91fab7cab4c17b82fb41a629292cd79ca5237a31e419","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:33.364749Z","signature_b64":"h12LQsScVw1qd1Jieq+GP7f8mdpw770nEmAkJ7HdcbYlLRPaj31wPP+NvNWNbAO1rrVmQSpj/AkNB23yqlKRCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bc5f5648032429426ebd91fab7cab4c17b82fb41a629292cd79ca5237a31e419","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:33.364378Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:33.364378Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1803.10400","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/8sdR7gApyL5G/RNZt3tAv2TMKPCRaYF+bqeSXFr5Noq/Auq1Ftdvm6Mn0b+TEcMBC2AAN4E2fz1dGrbMhsDAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T05:33:25.700145Z"},"content_sha256":"6dfcf17e51593223d343a91810371393839fab5492e221b909617b5d4292f52b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6dfcf17e51593223d343a91810371393839fab5492e221b909617b5d4292f52b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:XRPVMSADEQUUE3V5SH5LPSVUYF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Flickering of buoyant diffusion flames: a vortex dynamics revisit","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Peng Zhang, Xi Xia","submitted_at":"2018-03-28T03:27:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"Previous studies have found that the flickering of buoyant diffusion flames is associated with the periodic shedding of a toroidal vortex, which is formed under gravity-induced shearing at the flames. Moreover, numerous experimental investigations have reported the scaling relation, $f \\propto D^{-1/2}$, where $f$ is the flickering frequency and $D$ is the diameter of the fuel inlet. However, the connection between the toroidal vortex mechanism and the scaling relation has not been clearly understood. The current study theoretically revisits this problem from the perspective of vortex dynamics"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1803.10400","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nN2R347m9wL3277MBf+37/uyaZfKfIg5+lylplJ/4fCJQJVVqjCrM0ZiI8qnWY60fThXk0fUJt3VqSAc7dN/Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T05:33:25.700510Z"},"content_sha256":"26136f50a07fe3bd17dd33279bffdffea5b200dbb135b56e279d1f200c04f780","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:26136f50a07fe3bd17dd33279bffdffea5b200dbb135b56e279d1f200c04f780"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XRPVMSADEQUUE3V5SH5LPSVUYF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XRPVMSADEQUUE3V5SH5LPSVUYF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XRPVMSADEQUUE3V5SH5LPSVUYF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-24T05:33:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XRPVMSADEQUUE3V5SH5LPSVUYF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XRPVMSADEQUUE3V5SH5LPSVUYF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XRPVMSADEQUUE3V5SH5LPSVUYF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XRPVMSADEQUUE3V5SH5LPSVUYF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:XRPVMSADEQUUE3V5SH5LPSVUYF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"302c31563f165b8de155a715639d7858cbf0ce55cf4d7121ece7ffda614b2de0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-03-28T03:27:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"4939f5b82c1a7cd9df0a07717eeeb2525d42e20494338a1910c0ac84ff755a50"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1803.10400","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1803.10400","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1803.10400v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1803.10400","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XRPVMSADEQUU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XRPVMSADEQUUE3V5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XRPVMSAD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:26136f50a07fe3bd17dd33279bffdffea5b200dbb135b56e279d1f200c04f780","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Previous studies have found that the flickering of buoyant diffusion flames is associated with the periodic shedding of a toroidal vortex, which is formed under gravity-induced shearing at the flames. Moreover, numerous experimental investigations have reported the scaling relation, $f \\propto D^{-1/2}$, where $f$ is the flickering frequency and $D$ is the diameter of the fuel inlet. However, the connection between the toroidal vortex mechanism and the scaling relation has not been clearly understood. The current study theoretically revisits this problem from the perspective of vortex dynamics","authors_text":"Peng Zhang, Xi Xia","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-03-28T03:27:00Z","title":"Flickering of buoyant diffusion flames: a vortex dynamics revisit"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1803.10400","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6dfcf17e51593223d343a91810371393839fab5492e221b909617b5d4292f52b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"302c31563f165b8de155a715639d7858cbf0ce55cf4d7121ece7ffda614b2de0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-03-28T03:27:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"4939f5b82c1a7cd9df0a07717eeeb2525d42e20494338a1910c0ac84ff755a50"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1803.10400","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"bc5f5648032429426ebd91fab7cab4c17b82fb41a629292cd79ca5237a31e419","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bc5f5648032429426ebd91fab7cab4c17b82fb41a629292cd79ca5237a31e419","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:33.364378Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:33.364378Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"h12LQsScVw1qd1Jieq+GP7f8mdpw770nEmAkJ7HdcbYlLRPaj31wPP+NvNWNbAO1rrVmQSpj/AkNB23yqlKRCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:33.364749Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1803.10400","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6dfcf17e51593223d343a91810371393839fab5492e221b909617b5d4292f52b","sha256:26136f50a07fe3bd17dd33279bffdffea5b200dbb135b56e279d1f200c04f780"],"state_sha256":"4b6c48cd35f14309da130690dee2a2dc792f75556ff312a6cb76c0e8060b8fe7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7fQNyAzAIoxfE8bS+Yp8KTHNcHHK9EsdYCJwBAaTiqii9MViTpI8AlWVp1XDW1BiAq9YEM4mYe1bSJD0s1RIDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T05:33:25.702479Z","bundle_sha256":"9f2305de5f551971279b486bdd95031c1f0c335937b24ec535cd55bdd0c43f84"}}