{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2018:XTAOPC3QW6DI5Q72XPJZ3KB2KA","short_pith_number":"pith:XTAOPC3Q","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"bcc0e78b70b7868ec3fabbd39da83a5008747afb22d83b0be8837f7c0f1bb833","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1811.09458","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Quantifying Filter Bubbles: Analyzing Surprise in Elections","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.GT"],"primary_cat":"cs.SI","authors_text":"Sagar Massand, Swaprava Nath","submitted_at":"2018-11-23T12:51:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"This work analyses surprising elections, and attempts to quantify the notion of surprise in elections. A voter is surprised if their estimate of the winner (assumed to be based on a combination of the preferences of their social connections and popular media predictions) is different from the true winner. A voter's social connections are assumed to consist of contacts on social media and geographically proximate people. We propose a simple mathematical model for combining the global information (traditional media) as well as the local information (local neighbourhood) of a voter in the case of"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.09458","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2018-11-23T12:51:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.GT"],"title_canon_sha256":"4cea1944a7ef8d89671f979e3782e95ae3bd8a5d70d11a3e2092d6b5da8e49e9","abstract_canon_sha256":"b28252ed72f7326271786ed256736cd99ca5972fc4ec62419f93b67ac7bf3126"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:03.386849Z","signature_b64":"mNYJqO+sS1gvoVfvu5ZdJtGGkr/McBylCxdBZOSRw7dlseNPRj29BVUJ2Kvr53KMp+kv8upjF4cR6yUkAwQ1AQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bcc0e78b70b7868ec3fabbd39da83a5008747afb22d83b0be8837f7c0f1bb833","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:03.386322Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:03.386322Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Quantifying Filter Bubbles: Analyzing Surprise in Elections","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.GT"],"primary_cat":"cs.SI","authors_text":"Sagar Massand, Swaprava Nath","submitted_at":"2018-11-23T12:51:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"This work analyses surprising elections, and attempts to quantify the notion of surprise in elections. A voter is surprised if their estimate of the winner (assumed to be based on a combination of the preferences of their social connections and popular media predictions) is different from the true winner. A voter's social connections are assumed to consist of contacts on social media and geographically proximate people. We propose a simple mathematical model for combining the global information (traditional media) as well as the local information (local neighbourhood) of a voter in the case of"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.09458","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.09458","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:03.386401+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.09458v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:03.386401+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.09458","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:03.386401+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XTAOPC3QW6DI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01.666342+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XTAOPC3QW6DI5Q72","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01.666342+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XTAOPC3Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01.666342+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/XTAOPC3QW6DI5Q72XPJZ3KB2KA","json":"https://pith.science/pith/XTAOPC3QW6DI5Q72XPJZ3KB2KA.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XTAOPC3QW6DI5Q72XPJZ3KB2KA/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XTAOPC3QW6DI5Q72XPJZ3KB2KA/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/XTAOPC3Q"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/XTAOPC3QW6DI5Q72XPJZ3KB2KA","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/XTAOPC3QW6DI5Q72XPJZ3KB2KA.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/XTAOPC3Q","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1811.09458&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XTAOPC3QW6DI5Q72XPJZ3KB2KA/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XTAOPC3QW6DI5Q72XPJZ3KB2KA/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/XTAOPC3QW6DI5Q72XPJZ3KB2KA/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/XTAOPC3QW6DI5Q72XPJZ3KB2KA/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/XTAOPC3QW6DI5Q72XPJZ3KB2KA/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/XTAOPC3QW6DI5Q72XPJZ3KB2KA/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/XTAOPC3QW6DI5Q72XPJZ3KB2KA/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:03.386401+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:03.386401+00:00"}