{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:XV264KSGEP5E5ZVF6SQ5CFW2WO","short_pith_number":"pith:XV264KSG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.09778","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-13T21:23:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"642e9a65cb8ab3bf7b0ae2cc2f3e41c4414fb1cb6610403afe5952a94515658c","abstract_canon_sha256":"d1e6fd106094508c7e765cc93c1b2bd155d420c520ba33120e34b08eaeb5af1b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bd75ee2a4623fa4ee6a5f4a1d116dab39c793e1727a216b698529b08ac445fd5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2502.09778","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.09778","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.09778v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.09778","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XV264KSGEP5E","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XV264KSGEP5E5ZVF","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XV264KSG","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:XV264KSGEP5E5ZVF6SQ5CFW2WO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.09778","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-13T21:23:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"642e9a65cb8ab3bf7b0ae2cc2f3e41c4414fb1cb6610403afe5952a94515658c","abstract_canon_sha256":"d1e6fd106094508c7e765cc93c1b2bd155d420c520ba33120e34b08eaeb5af1b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bd75ee2a4623fa4ee6a5f4a1d116dab39c793e1727a216b698529b08ac445fd5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07.130222Z","signature_b64":"ptOEXT62+I2giHEAZH0MXozcl81jonNnYf9pld81QkrRQfUqbdLJdTjH5vS9UNP5eQweKpmyCYxSWMP8vf4JCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bd75ee2a4623fa4ee6a5f4a1d116dab39c793e1727a216b698529b08ac445fd5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07.129555Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07.129555Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2502.09778","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CivfFF6zyeODUGZNwb4ACSqj8upAMUwUryx2ihL2QMqULqMLjgNnnk1FBUGcILjrJJEbVFZScqvXKL7mjxNQCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T00:33:41.606820Z"},"content_sha256":"5766795a623943f100e3b67f5c458cb01082dae9a3839392a1d13bcafeaa6ded","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5766795a623943f100e3b67f5c458cb01082dae9a3839392a1d13bcafeaa6ded"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:XV264KSGEP5E5ZVF6SQ5CFW2WO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Prompt and circumstance: A word-by-word LLM prompting approach to interlinear glossing for low-resource languages","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"David Liu, Micha Elsner","submitted_at":"2025-02-13T21:23:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"Partly automated creation of interlinear glossed text (IGT) has the potential to assist in linguistic documentation. We argue that LLMs can make this process more accessible to linguists because of their capacity to follow natural-language instructions. We investigate the effectiveness of a retrieval-based LLM prompting approach to glossing, applied to the seven languages from the SIGMORPHON 2023 shared task. Our system beats the BERT-based shared task baseline for every language in the morpheme-level score category, and we show that a simple 3-best oracle has higher word-level scores than the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.09778","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.09778/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7HfXeDpFU8rdunxNZcl2Alye5bWm0qOWWsnsLd0vzcVxOiJKb7kyamN2O3f3IlvFXG5hvfWbCngA4EjZRK8ODg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T00:33:41.607342Z"},"content_sha256":"aedd92d51c8fb2781e08e4eeecaaf5c36430f62d7cf04908350a88ce3c2a1262","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:aedd92d51c8fb2781e08e4eeecaaf5c36430f62d7cf04908350a88ce3c2a1262"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XV264KSGEP5E5ZVF6SQ5CFW2WO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XV264KSGEP5E5ZVF6SQ5CFW2WO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XV264KSGEP5E5ZVF6SQ5CFW2WO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T00:33:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XV264KSGEP5E5ZVF6SQ5CFW2WO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XV264KSGEP5E5ZVF6SQ5CFW2WO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XV264KSGEP5E5ZVF6SQ5CFW2WO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XV264KSGEP5E5ZVF6SQ5CFW2WO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:XV264KSGEP5E5ZVF6SQ5CFW2WO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d1e6fd106094508c7e765cc93c1b2bd155d420c520ba33120e34b08eaeb5af1b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-13T21:23:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"642e9a65cb8ab3bf7b0ae2cc2f3e41c4414fb1cb6610403afe5952a94515658c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.09778","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.09778","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.09778v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.09778","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XV264KSGEP5E","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XV264KSGEP5E5ZVF","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XV264KSG","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:aedd92d51c8fb2781e08e4eeecaaf5c36430f62d7cf04908350a88ce3c2a1262","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.09778/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Partly automated creation of interlinear glossed text (IGT) has the potential to assist in linguistic documentation. We argue that LLMs can make this process more accessible to linguists because of their capacity to follow natural-language instructions. We investigate the effectiveness of a retrieval-based LLM prompting approach to glossing, applied to the seven languages from the SIGMORPHON 2023 shared task. Our system beats the BERT-based shared task baseline for every language in the morpheme-level score category, and we show that a simple 3-best oracle has higher word-level scores than the","authors_text":"David Liu, Micha Elsner","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-13T21:23:16Z","title":"Prompt and circumstance: A word-by-word LLM prompting approach to interlinear glossing for low-resource languages"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.09778","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5766795a623943f100e3b67f5c458cb01082dae9a3839392a1d13bcafeaa6ded","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d1e6fd106094508c7e765cc93c1b2bd155d420c520ba33120e34b08eaeb5af1b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-13T21:23:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"642e9a65cb8ab3bf7b0ae2cc2f3e41c4414fb1cb6610403afe5952a94515658c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.09778","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"bd75ee2a4623fa4ee6a5f4a1d116dab39c793e1727a216b698529b08ac445fd5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bd75ee2a4623fa4ee6a5f4a1d116dab39c793e1727a216b698529b08ac445fd5","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07.129555Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07.129555Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ptOEXT62+I2giHEAZH0MXozcl81jonNnYf9pld81QkrRQfUqbdLJdTjH5vS9UNP5eQweKpmyCYxSWMP8vf4JCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:37:07.130222Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.09778","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5766795a623943f100e3b67f5c458cb01082dae9a3839392a1d13bcafeaa6ded","sha256:aedd92d51c8fb2781e08e4eeecaaf5c36430f62d7cf04908350a88ce3c2a1262"],"state_sha256":"393dee6a7d207e3fcce689074b614b9ebd44158df60e6a38ab3172665c0b5ae1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"C52UG3+jH0no2SOXY8O2fKdnUElpYlmU4UlmIFBxdTl3WpR5m7IvBpsW23k0X4gh66J+Mi+D4La11ejAhkQUDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T00:33:41.610731Z","bundle_sha256":"9609240c67d3ffdbf25b17b94e7b756a5919869321dc81d672b2fc965809bc36"}}