{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:XV5ON4YNSXI6JWEJXDRTSQV53Z","short_pith_number":"pith:XV5ON4YN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.00477","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2018-09-03T07:42:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9928cf4c056214ccfab89f5f5303dc899e544dda5b17ebdd434a0b1016be5ca9","abstract_canon_sha256":"30dc42adf2624dbfae2067418dd0d1826a6cf7c01c968869e3c11195e65372c0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bd7ae6f30d95d1e4d889b8e33942bdde7fcdb9cde11f67577e8c8c0f83ca86ad","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1809.00477","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.00477","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.00477v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.00477","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XV5ON4YNSXI6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XV5ON4YNSXI6JWEJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XV5ON4YN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:XV5ON4YNSXI6JWEJXDRTSQV53Z","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.00477","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2018-09-03T07:42:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9928cf4c056214ccfab89f5f5303dc899e544dda5b17ebdd434a0b1016be5ca9","abstract_canon_sha256":"30dc42adf2624dbfae2067418dd0d1826a6cf7c01c968869e3c11195e65372c0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bd7ae6f30d95d1e4d889b8e33942bdde7fcdb9cde11f67577e8c8c0f83ca86ad","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:55.425231Z","signature_b64":"b2+V3y37eUWiFJmO3PxnOAjRHIzTK+06ANXZ10YelhUImQOqbzsMBGxZ4NXQvKKxrd+dV9lJVCB0O6hswQXiDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bd7ae6f30d95d1e4d889b8e33942bdde7fcdb9cde11f67577e8c8c0f83ca86ad","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:55.424600Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:55.424600Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1809.00477","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"s9Ta+wur3/xFgg8ASOAiHZyhSoOMkgDY/BSN74ARnt1rji2f2wWAPvyrru394wtKfzDM4aOIj7hOWC2Xr7UcBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T18:32:40.503566Z"},"content_sha256":"a78700da14db52dada293ad0adb50229fbe8ee4ece9d37066edc833b9a6d4117","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a78700da14db52dada293ad0adb50229fbe8ee4ece9d37066edc833b9a6d4117"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:XV5ON4YNSXI6JWEJXDRTSQV53Z","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Lorentz Invariance Violation Effects on Gamma-Gamma Absorption and Compton Scattering","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Hassan Abdalla, Markus Boettcher (North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa)","submitted_at":"2018-09-03T07:42:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we consider the impact of Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) on the $\\gamma-\\gamma$ opacity of the Universe to VHE-gamma rays, compared to the effect of local under-densities (voids) of the Extragalactic Background Light, and on the Compton scattering process. Both subluminal and superluminal modifications of the photon dispersion relation are considered. In the subluminal case, LIV effects may result in a significant reduction of the $\\gamma-\\gamma$ opacity for photons with energies $\\gtrsim 10$ TeV. However, the effect is not expected to be sufficient to explain the apparent s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.00477","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qe3JJXd/IV3VXSm+6TfDfiOxwz+wJy/lR3w6rMiRR0+THdKrtrDm+t3H3QzIx8SQ8pLSpNjKThSicIpPNHhEBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T18:32:40.504153Z"},"content_sha256":"403e72ea2e91b12b655fa581bf580db8d6910e0e17c74598a1ada87bb2b8964b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:403e72ea2e91b12b655fa581bf580db8d6910e0e17c74598a1ada87bb2b8964b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XV5ON4YNSXI6JWEJXDRTSQV53Z/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XV5ON4YNSXI6JWEJXDRTSQV53Z/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XV5ON4YNSXI6JWEJXDRTSQV53Z/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T18:32:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XV5ON4YNSXI6JWEJXDRTSQV53Z","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XV5ON4YNSXI6JWEJXDRTSQV53Z/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XV5ON4YNSXI6JWEJXDRTSQV53Z/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XV5ON4YNSXI6JWEJXDRTSQV53Z/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:XV5ON4YNSXI6JWEJXDRTSQV53Z","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"30dc42adf2624dbfae2067418dd0d1826a6cf7c01c968869e3c11195e65372c0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2018-09-03T07:42:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"9928cf4c056214ccfab89f5f5303dc899e544dda5b17ebdd434a0b1016be5ca9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.00477","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.00477","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.00477v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.00477","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XV5ON4YNSXI6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XV5ON4YNSXI6JWEJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XV5ON4YN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:403e72ea2e91b12b655fa581bf580db8d6910e0e17c74598a1ada87bb2b8964b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we consider the impact of Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) on the $\\gamma-\\gamma$ opacity of the Universe to VHE-gamma rays, compared to the effect of local under-densities (voids) of the Extragalactic Background Light, and on the Compton scattering process. Both subluminal and superluminal modifications of the photon dispersion relation are considered. In the subluminal case, LIV effects may result in a significant reduction of the $\\gamma-\\gamma$ opacity for photons with energies $\\gtrsim 10$ TeV. However, the effect is not expected to be sufficient to explain the apparent s","authors_text":"Hassan Abdalla, Markus Boettcher (North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2018-09-03T07:42:34Z","title":"Lorentz Invariance Violation Effects on Gamma-Gamma Absorption and Compton Scattering"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.00477","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a78700da14db52dada293ad0adb50229fbe8ee4ece9d37066edc833b9a6d4117","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"30dc42adf2624dbfae2067418dd0d1826a6cf7c01c968869e3c11195e65372c0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2018-09-03T07:42:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"9928cf4c056214ccfab89f5f5303dc899e544dda5b17ebdd434a0b1016be5ca9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.00477","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"bd7ae6f30d95d1e4d889b8e33942bdde7fcdb9cde11f67577e8c8c0f83ca86ad","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bd7ae6f30d95d1e4d889b8e33942bdde7fcdb9cde11f67577e8c8c0f83ca86ad","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:55.424600Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:55.424600Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"b2+V3y37eUWiFJmO3PxnOAjRHIzTK+06ANXZ10YelhUImQOqbzsMBGxZ4NXQvKKxrd+dV9lJVCB0O6hswQXiDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:55.425231Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1809.00477","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a78700da14db52dada293ad0adb50229fbe8ee4ece9d37066edc833b9a6d4117","sha256:403e72ea2e91b12b655fa581bf580db8d6910e0e17c74598a1ada87bb2b8964b"],"state_sha256":"52184cdd82c1c3af88198d59ae2eef25ef8897d08187669a2668a8dd42a130d6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"T4S9tVriCk8bMhyOPjgp7BdOdhgGTNlqrCtfnJD7GZoI0g5XYWJLIVwQCWxZR1lXy3+rJHW8CYX6kLnOpf7xAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T18:32:40.508209Z","bundle_sha256":"b72210dc4e9ccf1a1527fb06bbd79d2f21883d93dc596b41a4f7fdcb18d0ab19"}}