{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:XW3NTKAKGKCQRPSQVE5HCVCSBP","short_pith_number":"pith:XW3NTKAK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1510.08829","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2015-10-29T19:24:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NE"],"title_canon_sha256":"069f603780e9edecbb43f0fc919b06c155b14eb17e2817ac1506fee51bddfe45","abstract_canon_sha256":"a43c9fe6e8e766431ad3e00d1ed40eda4429f4d519d917b69d41e3614e63851f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bdb6d9a80a328508be50a93a7154520be1cb34641138fef9f1fbcb89acef8fdd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1510.08829","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1510.08829","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1510.08829v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1510.08829","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XW3NTKAKGKCQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XW3NTKAKGKCQRPSQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XW3NTKAK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:XW3NTKAKGKCQRPSQVE5HCVCSBP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1510.08829","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2015-10-29T19:24:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NE"],"title_canon_sha256":"069f603780e9edecbb43f0fc919b06c155b14eb17e2817ac1506fee51bddfe45","abstract_canon_sha256":"a43c9fe6e8e766431ad3e00d1ed40eda4429f4d519d917b69d41e3614e63851f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bdb6d9a80a328508be50a93a7154520be1cb34641138fef9f1fbcb89acef8fdd","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:26.559053Z","signature_b64":"bJwOzEqAy3/IsZk4aXFy6qppYI22AZ0+h54agduLGIkQc/2Go90T89oq6g5ymEc00+ITARc3NA/eWWL/2dC7DA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bdb6d9a80a328508be50a93a7154520be1cb34641138fef9f1fbcb89acef8fdd","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:26.558529Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:26.558529Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1510.08829","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zDsWmTXLB4GTGfb8Is29zhSKs3WpEmVlrFqmLl3a78oviN4HRR94iylqBXkSyKV3HIEDVYiWKfRjk1givwo+Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-20T09:38:53.304588Z"},"content_sha256":"21b2d433f6b932c21f9173793d0af540ab593fdbd9470700d93f903fd50a2bcf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:21b2d433f6b932c21f9173793d0af540ab593fdbd9470700d93f903fd50a2bcf"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:XW3NTKAKGKCQRPSQVE5HCVCSBP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Spiking Deep Networks with LIF Neurons","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.NE"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Chris Eliasmith, Eric Hunsberger","submitted_at":"2015-10-29T19:24:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"We train spiking deep networks using leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons, and achieve state-of-the-art results for spiking networks on the CIFAR-10 and MNIST datasets. This demonstrates that biologically-plausible spiking LIF neurons can be integrated into deep networks can perform as well as other spiking models (e.g. integrate-and-fire). We achieved this result by softening the LIF response function, such that its derivative remains bounded, and by training the network with noise to provide robustness against the variability introduced by spikes. Our method is general and could be applied"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1510.08829","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Um6sHmTHPc/hsMTPA2N75XfC3R2Tos15UQ5swkKuX3tIbXiszpF4azzdbEPnEUgqDXBfb4RsezaZWbPqRKOlBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-20T09:38:53.304961Z"},"content_sha256":"7653c4a0a2ea835abf34fde8c5a7f5245a99113130dfe50954bc17b2d49236da","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7653c4a0a2ea835abf34fde8c5a7f5245a99113130dfe50954bc17b2d49236da"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XW3NTKAKGKCQRPSQVE5HCVCSBP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XW3NTKAKGKCQRPSQVE5HCVCSBP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XW3NTKAKGKCQRPSQVE5HCVCSBP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-20T09:38:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XW3NTKAKGKCQRPSQVE5HCVCSBP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XW3NTKAKGKCQRPSQVE5HCVCSBP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XW3NTKAKGKCQRPSQVE5HCVCSBP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XW3NTKAKGKCQRPSQVE5HCVCSBP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:XW3NTKAKGKCQRPSQVE5HCVCSBP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a43c9fe6e8e766431ad3e00d1ed40eda4429f4d519d917b69d41e3614e63851f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2015-10-29T19:24:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"069f603780e9edecbb43f0fc919b06c155b14eb17e2817ac1506fee51bddfe45"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1510.08829","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1510.08829","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1510.08829v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1510.08829","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XW3NTKAKGKCQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XW3NTKAKGKCQRPSQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XW3NTKAK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7653c4a0a2ea835abf34fde8c5a7f5245a99113130dfe50954bc17b2d49236da","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We train spiking deep networks using leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons, and achieve state-of-the-art results for spiking networks on the CIFAR-10 and MNIST datasets. This demonstrates that biologically-plausible spiking LIF neurons can be integrated into deep networks can perform as well as other spiking models (e.g. integrate-and-fire). We achieved this result by softening the LIF response function, such that its derivative remains bounded, and by training the network with noise to provide robustness against the variability introduced by spikes. Our method is general and could be applied","authors_text":"Chris Eliasmith, Eric Hunsberger","cross_cats":["cs.NE"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2015-10-29T19:24:03Z","title":"Spiking Deep Networks with LIF Neurons"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1510.08829","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:21b2d433f6b932c21f9173793d0af540ab593fdbd9470700d93f903fd50a2bcf","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a43c9fe6e8e766431ad3e00d1ed40eda4429f4d519d917b69d41e3614e63851f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2015-10-29T19:24:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"069f603780e9edecbb43f0fc919b06c155b14eb17e2817ac1506fee51bddfe45"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1510.08829","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"bdb6d9a80a328508be50a93a7154520be1cb34641138fef9f1fbcb89acef8fdd","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bdb6d9a80a328508be50a93a7154520be1cb34641138fef9f1fbcb89acef8fdd","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:26.558529Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:26.558529Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"bJwOzEqAy3/IsZk4aXFy6qppYI22AZ0+h54agduLGIkQc/2Go90T89oq6g5ymEc00+ITARc3NA/eWWL/2dC7DA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:26.559053Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1510.08829","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:21b2d433f6b932c21f9173793d0af540ab593fdbd9470700d93f903fd50a2bcf","sha256:7653c4a0a2ea835abf34fde8c5a7f5245a99113130dfe50954bc17b2d49236da"],"state_sha256":"e8da70d48d15559026f028e18f5cd88d0a2d0ddcd813641ad9421d8cecaec8eb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Bi43drlT8lXqx5pltNKa5A8gLdtdtSl0HmMd8bEWOgWTh+V/WUIIH/OqQrvhHHymoohC8iJVrEpppq+M0xlqDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-20T09:38:53.306859Z","bundle_sha256":"c2d26ac11081c6bb889db849a0aec3fe29383f5b2fa6591ddf65fb6b28864759"}}