{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:XW5X4G5I7VURLYAWDEF6K4XB2C","short_pith_number":"pith:XW5X4G5I","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2306.16006","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2023-06-28T08:26:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"c481b3534ca871da537eb3d6fa9d117ebedfaccfe67f1aa05e8b489848737255","abstract_canon_sha256":"dce056b9c69e08e3fb2761150c0af819c28a36e7c8265bd7a7b11b4e14c95721"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bdbb7e1ba8fd6915e016190be572e1d0b428edb867d5e3f4aba93a2406122a0f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2306.16006","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2306.16006","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2306.16006v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.16006","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XW5X4G5I7VUR","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XW5X4G5I7VURLYAW","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XW5X4G5I","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:XW5X4G5I7VURLYAWDEF6K4XB2C","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2306.16006","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2023-06-28T08:26:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"c481b3534ca871da537eb3d6fa9d117ebedfaccfe67f1aa05e8b489848737255","abstract_canon_sha256":"dce056b9c69e08e3fb2761150c0af819c28a36e7c8265bd7a7b11b4e14c95721"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bdbb7e1ba8fd6915e016190be572e1d0b428edb867d5e3f4aba93a2406122a0f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47.579970Z","signature_b64":"OiZaM+dvMki0oWvuqV0peejW+eo8CBHODq73nyeZMu0e5C8YGzH/brP/0nG42WqlGBGKNSzYnxkpEZ+v4q3eDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bdbb7e1ba8fd6915e016190be572e1d0b428edb867d5e3f4aba93a2406122a0f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47.579428Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47.579428Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2306.16006","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nyD1Lq4ESLh7TntWN/BwmQZQ/lbucqCjZgri7lpOYxzSG8jL7dAV5/pFLlhgofd+rf9jCY0SK747Pmb2s1INBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T21:10:39.388591Z"},"content_sha256":"b6fe2fc2f627db7078de4174f4a33046b5fde5de56d02e5e225d83cf2a55b218","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b6fe2fc2f627db7078de4174f4a33046b5fde5de56d02e5e225d83cf2a55b218"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:XW5X4G5I7VURLYAWDEF6K4XB2C","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Lightning Creation Games","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"cs.GT","authors_text":"Michelle Yeo, Tomasz Lizurej, Tomasz Michalak, Zeta Avarikioti","submitted_at":"2023-06-28T08:26:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"Payment channel networks (PCNs) are a promising solution to the scalability problem of cryptocurrencies. Any two users connected by a payment channel in the network can theoretically send an unbounded number of instant, costless transactions between them. Users who are not directly connected can also transact with each other in a multi-hop fashion. In this work, we study the incentive structure behind the creation of payment channel networks, particularly from the point of view of a single user that wants to join the network. We define a utility function for a new user in terms of expected rev"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.16006","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2306.16006/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"b3EFpvozfXad8hFNzxuM7nOEvFyX0Q87SuawvKLGw3TcT8daoSCaJDqkF1KyMaVVnrAthwimoMPWRUyYzX4dBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T21:10:39.389115Z"},"content_sha256":"35c63975456847d75899fe37c4d69a4d64f4642546474e531f031dce79835032","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:35c63975456847d75899fe37c4d69a4d64f4642546474e531f031dce79835032"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XW5X4G5I7VURLYAWDEF6K4XB2C/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XW5X4G5I7VURLYAWDEF6K4XB2C/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XW5X4G5I7VURLYAWDEF6K4XB2C/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T21:10:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XW5X4G5I7VURLYAWDEF6K4XB2C","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XW5X4G5I7VURLYAWDEF6K4XB2C/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XW5X4G5I7VURLYAWDEF6K4XB2C/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XW5X4G5I7VURLYAWDEF6K4XB2C/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:XW5X4G5I7VURLYAWDEF6K4XB2C","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dce056b9c69e08e3fb2761150c0af819c28a36e7c8265bd7a7b11b4e14c95721","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2023-06-28T08:26:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"c481b3534ca871da537eb3d6fa9d117ebedfaccfe67f1aa05e8b489848737255"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2306.16006","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2306.16006","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2306.16006v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.16006","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XW5X4G5I7VUR","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XW5X4G5I7VURLYAW","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XW5X4G5I","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:35c63975456847d75899fe37c4d69a4d64f4642546474e531f031dce79835032","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2306.16006/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Payment channel networks (PCNs) are a promising solution to the scalability problem of cryptocurrencies. Any two users connected by a payment channel in the network can theoretically send an unbounded number of instant, costless transactions between them. Users who are not directly connected can also transact with each other in a multi-hop fashion. In this work, we study the incentive structure behind the creation of payment channel networks, particularly from the point of view of a single user that wants to join the network. We define a utility function for a new user in terms of expected rev","authors_text":"Michelle Yeo, Tomasz Lizurej, Tomasz Michalak, Zeta Avarikioti","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2023-06-28T08:26:59Z","title":"Lightning Creation Games"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.16006","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b6fe2fc2f627db7078de4174f4a33046b5fde5de56d02e5e225d83cf2a55b218","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dce056b9c69e08e3fb2761150c0af819c28a36e7c8265bd7a7b11b4e14c95721","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2023-06-28T08:26:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"c481b3534ca871da537eb3d6fa9d117ebedfaccfe67f1aa05e8b489848737255"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2306.16006","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"bdbb7e1ba8fd6915e016190be572e1d0b428edb867d5e3f4aba93a2406122a0f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bdbb7e1ba8fd6915e016190be572e1d0b428edb867d5e3f4aba93a2406122a0f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47.579428Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47.579428Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"OiZaM+dvMki0oWvuqV0peejW+eo8CBHODq73nyeZMu0e5C8YGzH/brP/0nG42WqlGBGKNSzYnxkpEZ+v4q3eDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:47.579970Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2306.16006","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b6fe2fc2f627db7078de4174f4a33046b5fde5de56d02e5e225d83cf2a55b218","sha256:35c63975456847d75899fe37c4d69a4d64f4642546474e531f031dce79835032"],"state_sha256":"e03c33e2137f300add865533bd4c7794f4578ae54520af3bc4982a2f3115d76a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qNLZS/Dub7n1w80VkWRdnmnd6NRUBfIvR6ODXPe1/cLooz2gDrP8j7GpLFgCLM2VW7Ozb3T38PyEkdiT4sL1Cw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T21:10:39.394166Z","bundle_sha256":"ba535aa2e0c20875334a3b7ce83854b1a43ef4b05b9ca5e34c4096ea21ef3e55"}}