{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:XWESZT4JO75PWAYO35ES33UMMB","short_pith_number":"pith:XWESZT4J","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.10585","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-01-29T22:09:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"49ac05bcbe60cbd32743b14e9dc9f6a9dcd238f4f290f58be5682fdde15a6e8d","abstract_canon_sha256":"245dfcef4396bf44d9fd5e71c613a1b6c28c4bfcc9d020b90a15b48842107280"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bd892ccf8977fafb030edf492dee8c6058718f945d92fd6207c5778e1a6b2b34","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1901.10585","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.10585","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.10585v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.10585","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XWESZT4JO75P","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XWESZT4JO75PWAYO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XWESZT4J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:XWESZT4JO75PWAYO35ES33UMMB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.10585","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-01-29T22:09:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"49ac05bcbe60cbd32743b14e9dc9f6a9dcd238f4f290f58be5682fdde15a6e8d","abstract_canon_sha256":"245dfcef4396bf44d9fd5e71c613a1b6c28c4bfcc9d020b90a15b48842107280"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bd892ccf8977fafb030edf492dee8c6058718f945d92fd6207c5778e1a6b2b34","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57.560312Z","signature_b64":"O8fISRG3shtksSQb/orSTc+GEgp0Ed49QoPaoh1R35HrEkau+sWIMUkC2M/eGrL6WfhYHWPdwZeQykihTioxAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bd892ccf8977fafb030edf492dee8c6058718f945d92fd6207c5778e1a6b2b34","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57.559619Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57.559619Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1901.10585","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fxwratQDsbl96EkivwYhL21CnqpDwwwUObm0n38pcvg+NvsMSLkgkXSBUZW6jqojYPT4qKo+cPY5/bTtSzlSAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T02:37:07.730032Z"},"content_sha256":"bfca58d7fa14be528b42a1a60b7b3789e86db7247b670ff9e3e35616fd79a68a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bfca58d7fa14be528b42a1a60b7b3789e86db7247b670ff9e3e35616fd79a68a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:XWESZT4JO75PWAYO35ES33UMMB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Rare geometries: revealing rare categories via dimension-driven statistics","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CV","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Elin Farnell, Henry Kvinge, Jingya Li, Yujia Chen","submitted_at":"2019-01-29T22:09:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"In many situations, classes of data points of primary interest also happen to be those that are least numerous. A well-known example is detection of fraudulent transactions among the collection of all financial transactions, the vast majority of which are legitimate. These types of problems fall under the label of `rare-category detection.' There are two challenging aspects of these problems. The first is a general lack of labeled examples of the rare class and the second is the potential non-separability of the rare class from the majority (in terms of available features). Statistics related "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.10585","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3QESuLuRSydGlx+vxJMYzzrPFFtEVMjujGpd8ZYeCzjhPQkkCosAXg27P+7xp7kFzY0fF0+AtL9mjJsBwzL0BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T02:37:07.730719Z"},"content_sha256":"508c829d04c2f29b5586638a00a4ee72bc449409720d1a1c9b8f83769a5dc32a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:508c829d04c2f29b5586638a00a4ee72bc449409720d1a1c9b8f83769a5dc32a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XWESZT4JO75PWAYO35ES33UMMB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XWESZT4JO75PWAYO35ES33UMMB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XWESZT4JO75PWAYO35ES33UMMB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T02:37:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XWESZT4JO75PWAYO35ES33UMMB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XWESZT4JO75PWAYO35ES33UMMB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XWESZT4JO75PWAYO35ES33UMMB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XWESZT4JO75PWAYO35ES33UMMB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:XWESZT4JO75PWAYO35ES33UMMB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"245dfcef4396bf44d9fd5e71c613a1b6c28c4bfcc9d020b90a15b48842107280","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-01-29T22:09:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"49ac05bcbe60cbd32743b14e9dc9f6a9dcd238f4f290f58be5682fdde15a6e8d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.10585","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.10585","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.10585v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.10585","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XWESZT4JO75P","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XWESZT4JO75PWAYO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XWESZT4J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:508c829d04c2f29b5586638a00a4ee72bc449409720d1a1c9b8f83769a5dc32a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In many situations, classes of data points of primary interest also happen to be those that are least numerous. A well-known example is detection of fraudulent transactions among the collection of all financial transactions, the vast majority of which are legitimate. These types of problems fall under the label of `rare-category detection.' There are two challenging aspects of these problems. The first is a general lack of labeled examples of the rare class and the second is the potential non-separability of the rare class from the majority (in terms of available features). Statistics related ","authors_text":"Elin Farnell, Henry Kvinge, Jingya Li, Yujia Chen","cross_cats":["cs.CV","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-01-29T22:09:42Z","title":"Rare geometries: revealing rare categories via dimension-driven statistics"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.10585","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:bfca58d7fa14be528b42a1a60b7b3789e86db7247b670ff9e3e35616fd79a68a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"245dfcef4396bf44d9fd5e71c613a1b6c28c4bfcc9d020b90a15b48842107280","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-01-29T22:09:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"49ac05bcbe60cbd32743b14e9dc9f6a9dcd238f4f290f58be5682fdde15a6e8d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.10585","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"bd892ccf8977fafb030edf492dee8c6058718f945d92fd6207c5778e1a6b2b34","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bd892ccf8977fafb030edf492dee8c6058718f945d92fd6207c5778e1a6b2b34","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57.559619Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57.559619Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"O8fISRG3shtksSQb/orSTc+GEgp0Ed49QoPaoh1R35HrEkau+sWIMUkC2M/eGrL6WfhYHWPdwZeQykihTioxAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:57.560312Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1901.10585","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:bfca58d7fa14be528b42a1a60b7b3789e86db7247b670ff9e3e35616fd79a68a","sha256:508c829d04c2f29b5586638a00a4ee72bc449409720d1a1c9b8f83769a5dc32a"],"state_sha256":"f0ea566e81e2b08007849c2457b0c60dd0e42daffa78d5d579157c6ecec1e410"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MEbWm/wQUnqNYIciPup5rLoTjA8S1tfwlQJtkFey1paAhC1jT/fniDBWJdv+3iRd/upIIT+FR0f6bHB5Ien5BQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T02:37:07.734024Z","bundle_sha256":"fc271589e5784dddc84c4d5077f2627d5c597edbffea40f3ac305beaf40926f3"}}