{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:XWIZNIR5RJMTJQVJTLNKFIHT4I","short_pith_number":"pith:XWIZNIR5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1508.04396","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","submitted_at":"2015-08-18T17:42:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","q-bio.BM"],"title_canon_sha256":"3593ab57c06406dea3de84fea6e9c1347f5b456e7575c85498d7ed7aed364fdc","abstract_canon_sha256":"96d4bf5ad435b3e14a777a2f74f86454752bcf2956f414de606dfd4368abd5f3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bd9196a23d8a5934c2a99adaa2a0f3e20620191f5a6d1158538bf1124c768a31","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1508.04396","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1508.04396","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1508.04396v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1508.04396","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XWIZNIR5RJMT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XWIZNIR5RJMTJQVJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XWIZNIR5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:XWIZNIR5RJMTJQVJTLNKFIHT4I","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1508.04396","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","submitted_at":"2015-08-18T17:42:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","q-bio.BM"],"title_canon_sha256":"3593ab57c06406dea3de84fea6e9c1347f5b456e7575c85498d7ed7aed364fdc","abstract_canon_sha256":"96d4bf5ad435b3e14a777a2f74f86454752bcf2956f414de606dfd4368abd5f3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bd9196a23d8a5934c2a99adaa2a0f3e20620191f5a6d1158538bf1124c768a31","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:43.662960Z","signature_b64":"NxAeVGE43an6lIuphgBXwtPck+nO+RUr6ROTksDEbp9DAkUjoJnXUA7kqNFofDOC/9eLmWRTwgLp4A8OqtIvCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bd9196a23d8a5934c2a99adaa2a0f3e20620191f5a6d1158538bf1124c768a31","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:43.662336Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:43.662336Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1508.04396","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dga9snvotGDy7hZGPP6abvqwSqaVx39MLXXWYuaKJ2+zFGAMwphniMjuY9XPp5yFeKg28heVmdlKemSl8cc7DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-26T23:33:39.070673Z"},"content_sha256":"0d6f121947a9b49964ee2082fb3f5a29574964c231eed4cf84c810c0aa4b2eb9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0d6f121947a9b49964ee2082fb3f5a29574964c231eed4cf84c810c0aa4b2eb9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:XWIZNIR5RJMTJQVJTLNKFIHT4I","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Translocation frequency of double-stranded DNA through a solid-state nanopore","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.soft","q-bio.BM"],"primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","authors_text":"Murugappan Muthukumar, Nicholas A. W. Bell, Ulrich F. Keyser","submitted_at":"2015-08-18T17:42:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"Solid-state nanopores are single molecule sensors that measure changes in ionic current as charged polymers such as DNA pass through. Here, we present comprehensive experiments on the length, voltage and salt dependence of the frequency of double-stranded DNA translocations through conical quartz nanopores with mean opening diameter 15 nm. We observe an entropic barrier limited, length dependent translocation frequency at 4M LiCl salt concentration and a drift-dominated, length independent translocation frequency at 1M KCl salt concentration. These observations are described by a unifying conv"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1508.04396","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ViCemJV+/o61+Qtfap51nzL9r93YS+xc32nGyk7o8mLqf2Lgy52UE2be23bdBbpz2w3/AHyaYlQQ3t7R9mESDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-26T23:33:39.071015Z"},"content_sha256":"840ecb6cba896c506a9a96a5dc97b5db2c33a6f99c2b2918bc7a60ebebdfb0a1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:840ecb6cba896c506a9a96a5dc97b5db2c33a6f99c2b2918bc7a60ebebdfb0a1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XWIZNIR5RJMTJQVJTLNKFIHT4I/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XWIZNIR5RJMTJQVJTLNKFIHT4I/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XWIZNIR5RJMTJQVJTLNKFIHT4I/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-26T23:33:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XWIZNIR5RJMTJQVJTLNKFIHT4I","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XWIZNIR5RJMTJQVJTLNKFIHT4I/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XWIZNIR5RJMTJQVJTLNKFIHT4I/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XWIZNIR5RJMTJQVJTLNKFIHT4I/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:XWIZNIR5RJMTJQVJTLNKFIHT4I","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"96d4bf5ad435b3e14a777a2f74f86454752bcf2956f414de606dfd4368abd5f3","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","q-bio.BM"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","submitted_at":"2015-08-18T17:42:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"3593ab57c06406dea3de84fea6e9c1347f5b456e7575c85498d7ed7aed364fdc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1508.04396","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1508.04396","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1508.04396v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1508.04396","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XWIZNIR5RJMT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XWIZNIR5RJMTJQVJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XWIZNIR5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:840ecb6cba896c506a9a96a5dc97b5db2c33a6f99c2b2918bc7a60ebebdfb0a1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Solid-state nanopores are single molecule sensors that measure changes in ionic current as charged polymers such as DNA pass through. Here, we present comprehensive experiments on the length, voltage and salt dependence of the frequency of double-stranded DNA translocations through conical quartz nanopores with mean opening diameter 15 nm. We observe an entropic barrier limited, length dependent translocation frequency at 4M LiCl salt concentration and a drift-dominated, length independent translocation frequency at 1M KCl salt concentration. These observations are described by a unifying conv","authors_text":"Murugappan Muthukumar, Nicholas A. W. Bell, Ulrich F. Keyser","cross_cats":["cond-mat.soft","q-bio.BM"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","submitted_at":"2015-08-18T17:42:31Z","title":"Translocation frequency of double-stranded DNA through a solid-state nanopore"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1508.04396","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0d6f121947a9b49964ee2082fb3f5a29574964c231eed4cf84c810c0aa4b2eb9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"96d4bf5ad435b3e14a777a2f74f86454752bcf2956f414de606dfd4368abd5f3","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","q-bio.BM"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","submitted_at":"2015-08-18T17:42:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"3593ab57c06406dea3de84fea6e9c1347f5b456e7575c85498d7ed7aed364fdc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1508.04396","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"bd9196a23d8a5934c2a99adaa2a0f3e20620191f5a6d1158538bf1124c768a31","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bd9196a23d8a5934c2a99adaa2a0f3e20620191f5a6d1158538bf1124c768a31","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:43.662336Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:43.662336Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"NxAeVGE43an6lIuphgBXwtPck+nO+RUr6ROTksDEbp9DAkUjoJnXUA7kqNFofDOC/9eLmWRTwgLp4A8OqtIvCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:43.662960Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1508.04396","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0d6f121947a9b49964ee2082fb3f5a29574964c231eed4cf84c810c0aa4b2eb9","sha256:840ecb6cba896c506a9a96a5dc97b5db2c33a6f99c2b2918bc7a60ebebdfb0a1"],"state_sha256":"77f87a39d68977ac92b6cd9e903d295af9bb2145c0602d0580db8f2bfe8b65d7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mORwZ1f/lfrdFg45duP6xU2dfCdTRJKbwoAr5wttM3Ww60R3n6ai254bKYL+lubPCts0jLYZvDhmWu6LE2XgCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-26T23:33:39.072860Z","bundle_sha256":"e2a7e93fa44e02d4eed52aedf599f19ac73a00e54e49a8be734b8587a6ed26d2"}}