{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:XXG3HBX7YGSGA2DLCIC2OWXXBT","short_pith_number":"pith:XXG3HBX7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1705.01208","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2017-05-03T00:28:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.NC"],"title_canon_sha256":"c9aa0f8a7f2a4101f7a9c7fb20e36e0946ffb9f4996fca00b8e1f4018eb42a68","abstract_canon_sha256":"811a26c1b9b24388df196820953a260b26a47342eb677af77a6ac62c94a5e0f3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bdcdb386ffc1a460686b1205a75af70cd4ff34cebce473c697c3b8f667c3a592","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1705.01208","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1705.01208","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1705.01208v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1705.01208","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XXG3HBX7YGSG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XXG3HBX7YGSGA2DL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XXG3HBX7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:XXG3HBX7YGSGA2DLCIC2OWXXBT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1705.01208","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2017-05-03T00:28:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.NC"],"title_canon_sha256":"c9aa0f8a7f2a4101f7a9c7fb20e36e0946ffb9f4996fca00b8e1f4018eb42a68","abstract_canon_sha256":"811a26c1b9b24388df196820953a260b26a47342eb677af77a6ac62c94a5e0f3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bdcdb386ffc1a460686b1205a75af70cd4ff34cebce473c697c3b8f667c3a592","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:05.661834Z","signature_b64":"n/9vNUy2i8zJeXC3R0MF/kmFuQI4XdwXGjzIld7SQ0Vquy/vtrEYLsc1BiS4HxjXZNE6a4tNY+H/EpSaRHaoAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bdcdb386ffc1a460686b1205a75af70cd4ff34cebce473c697c3b8f667c3a592","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:05.661346Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:05.661346Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1705.01208","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xVExsc6zav9cZmAb0mO8IDHfOXvk/MwxSDLddPimi3m4huRAXOZv8j0S3MoCwin7igaTXzBU0lWHvc2awPT/AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T03:46:05.099386Z"},"content_sha256":"1e3079399e8ff51cf6e93135a5ba23a8000a192f5af030ae22982ba3d3a3f489","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1e3079399e8ff51cf6e93135a5ba23a8000a192f5af030ae22982ba3d3a3f489"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:XXG3HBX7YGSGA2DLCIC2OWXXBT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Rule-Based Computational Model of Cognitive Arithmetic","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-bio.NC"],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Ashis Pati, Hanqing Zhu, Kantwon Rogers","submitted_at":"2017-05-03T00:28:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"Cognitive arithmetic studies the mental processes used in solving math problems. This area of research explores the retrieval mechanisms and strategies used by people during a common cognitive task. Past research has shown that human performance in arithmetic operations is correlated to the numerical size of the problem. Past research on cognitive arithmetic has pinpointed this trend to either retrieval strength, error checking, or strategy-based approaches when solving equations. This paper describes a rule-based computational model that performs the four major arithmetic operations (addition"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1705.01208","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zuE8f777DHWs6FgyvCmMQ85GOCo6vVPoctuKNDFdWplBGoO1Bcqk8fWmBXByQ01fijPs4QnYJpurEXiG002DAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T03:46:05.099734Z"},"content_sha256":"fdfcc371e875ec3c80b52779d82ff1b45aea9a207faea988dbafa702fdfb701d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fdfcc371e875ec3c80b52779d82ff1b45aea9a207faea988dbafa702fdfb701d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XXG3HBX7YGSGA2DLCIC2OWXXBT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XXG3HBX7YGSGA2DLCIC2OWXXBT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XXG3HBX7YGSGA2DLCIC2OWXXBT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T03:46:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XXG3HBX7YGSGA2DLCIC2OWXXBT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XXG3HBX7YGSGA2DLCIC2OWXXBT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XXG3HBX7YGSGA2DLCIC2OWXXBT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XXG3HBX7YGSGA2DLCIC2OWXXBT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:XXG3HBX7YGSGA2DLCIC2OWXXBT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"811a26c1b9b24388df196820953a260b26a47342eb677af77a6ac62c94a5e0f3","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.NC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2017-05-03T00:28:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"c9aa0f8a7f2a4101f7a9c7fb20e36e0946ffb9f4996fca00b8e1f4018eb42a68"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1705.01208","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1705.01208","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1705.01208v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1705.01208","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XXG3HBX7YGSG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XXG3HBX7YGSGA2DL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XXG3HBX7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fdfcc371e875ec3c80b52779d82ff1b45aea9a207faea988dbafa702fdfb701d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Cognitive arithmetic studies the mental processes used in solving math problems. This area of research explores the retrieval mechanisms and strategies used by people during a common cognitive task. Past research has shown that human performance in arithmetic operations is correlated to the numerical size of the problem. Past research on cognitive arithmetic has pinpointed this trend to either retrieval strength, error checking, or strategy-based approaches when solving equations. This paper describes a rule-based computational model that performs the four major arithmetic operations (addition","authors_text":"Ashis Pati, Hanqing Zhu, Kantwon Rogers","cross_cats":["q-bio.NC"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2017-05-03T00:28:26Z","title":"A Rule-Based Computational Model of Cognitive Arithmetic"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1705.01208","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1e3079399e8ff51cf6e93135a5ba23a8000a192f5af030ae22982ba3d3a3f489","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"811a26c1b9b24388df196820953a260b26a47342eb677af77a6ac62c94a5e0f3","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.NC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2017-05-03T00:28:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"c9aa0f8a7f2a4101f7a9c7fb20e36e0946ffb9f4996fca00b8e1f4018eb42a68"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1705.01208","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"bdcdb386ffc1a460686b1205a75af70cd4ff34cebce473c697c3b8f667c3a592","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bdcdb386ffc1a460686b1205a75af70cd4ff34cebce473c697c3b8f667c3a592","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:05.661346Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:05.661346Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"n/9vNUy2i8zJeXC3R0MF/kmFuQI4XdwXGjzIld7SQ0Vquy/vtrEYLsc1BiS4HxjXZNE6a4tNY+H/EpSaRHaoAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:05.661834Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1705.01208","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1e3079399e8ff51cf6e93135a5ba23a8000a192f5af030ae22982ba3d3a3f489","sha256:fdfcc371e875ec3c80b52779d82ff1b45aea9a207faea988dbafa702fdfb701d"],"state_sha256":"fa66436c54faa688057fc41ad7e5cf051954f820cd9a7fcd6a62f77b3db4e34b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7iwd0MgGpwC6OsZ8DVWkFYSYqt/kTGHGGPkcNwVEY+T/NQ0R7rzeMuGeftQzurJcIem2oH7CNMk9YsYRVGquAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T03:46:05.101669Z","bundle_sha256":"dd47634f5f70afe0a85e946d349eeadcbb7fc40866e61b28e455197e9747412d"}}