{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:XXLZZGTINPSJLRVHNUI3ML36KA","short_pith_number":"pith:XXLZZGTI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2208.08254","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2022-08-17T12:19:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"99e5bb8cbd9bc95ae0ce203838a61fb4a36b87088ea3d109b5579214d1f465b9","abstract_canon_sha256":"4af44237ef01abf16bd6f9c6bb60f11087c7585bb23da614ad7983059c3b5baf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bdd79c9a686be495c6a76d11b62f7e5028a1952fd00233e45483ba6550c56e80","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2208.08254","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2208.08254","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2208.08254v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2208.08254","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XXLZZGTINPSJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XXLZZGTINPSJLRVH","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XXLZZGTI","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:XXLZZGTINPSJLRVHNUI3ML36KA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2208.08254","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2022-08-17T12:19:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"99e5bb8cbd9bc95ae0ce203838a61fb4a36b87088ea3d109b5579214d1f465b9","abstract_canon_sha256":"4af44237ef01abf16bd6f9c6bb60f11087c7585bb23da614ad7983059c3b5baf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bdd79c9a686be495c6a76d11b62f7e5028a1952fd00233e45483ba6550c56e80","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11.394652Z","signature_b64":"v/+UE47qYgdGhFxpWysWFso38P6DidQQ9cbuSbPD2MO5Jgd//J0tCWnUuod2LyzH0Zdco3eHQ0gDeNPdTxK6Cg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bdd79c9a686be495c6a76d11b62f7e5028a1952fd00233e45483ba6550c56e80","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11.394262Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11.394262Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2208.08254","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TqhApmS7bAqM/D+x8qrcXVQIE1f0rp0nuF8WDlra8FfmtfxWJeuUm0RpAh5s44xFk2d5x0rYZRS+XqWnIfJHDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-13T10:56:05.121723Z"},"content_sha256":"9fb8cd364477c775bb3ee8f014a8ebaa7619414264c7261d2bfb73029004bdd3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9fb8cd364477c775bb3ee8f014a8ebaa7619414264c7261d2bfb73029004bdd3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:XXLZZGTINPSJLRVHNUI3ML36KA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Robustness of the Tangle 2.0 Consensus","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.DC","authors_text":"Andreas Penzkofer, Bing-Yang Lin, Daria Dziuba{\\l}towska, Piotr Macek, Sebastian M\\\"uller","submitted_at":"2022-08-17T12:19:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we investigate the performance of the Tangle 2.0 consensus protocol in a Byzantine environment. We use an agent-based simulation model that incorporates the main features of the Tangle 2.0 consensus protocol. Our experimental results demonstrate that the Tangle 2.0 protocol is robust to the bait-and-switch attack up to the theoretical upper bound of the adversary's 33% voting weight. We further show that the common coin mechanism in Tangle 2.0 is necessary for robustness against powerful adversaries. Moreover, the experimental results confirm that the protocol can achieve around"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2208.08254","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2208.08254/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wdeAEc+XWtJ9FusvUjwfCZEy46F4AZ78PTz72Whbqvf8SktWybcqkY6pZ0Pybse0zkr7MXeHfphZJlKJjX5LBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-13T10:56:05.122090Z"},"content_sha256":"00f8cca4a4581e7c70364f76a41d10c3007913531e0f698e276ff228077d95d5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:00f8cca4a4581e7c70364f76a41d10c3007913531e0f698e276ff228077d95d5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XXLZZGTINPSJLRVHNUI3ML36KA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XXLZZGTINPSJLRVHNUI3ML36KA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XXLZZGTINPSJLRVHNUI3ML36KA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-13T10:56:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XXLZZGTINPSJLRVHNUI3ML36KA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XXLZZGTINPSJLRVHNUI3ML36KA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XXLZZGTINPSJLRVHNUI3ML36KA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XXLZZGTINPSJLRVHNUI3ML36KA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:XXLZZGTINPSJLRVHNUI3ML36KA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4af44237ef01abf16bd6f9c6bb60f11087c7585bb23da614ad7983059c3b5baf","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2022-08-17T12:19:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"99e5bb8cbd9bc95ae0ce203838a61fb4a36b87088ea3d109b5579214d1f465b9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2208.08254","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2208.08254","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2208.08254v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2208.08254","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XXLZZGTINPSJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XXLZZGTINPSJLRVH","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XXLZZGTI","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:00f8cca4a4581e7c70364f76a41d10c3007913531e0f698e276ff228077d95d5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2208.08254/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we investigate the performance of the Tangle 2.0 consensus protocol in a Byzantine environment. We use an agent-based simulation model that incorporates the main features of the Tangle 2.0 consensus protocol. Our experimental results demonstrate that the Tangle 2.0 protocol is robust to the bait-and-switch attack up to the theoretical upper bound of the adversary's 33% voting weight. We further show that the common coin mechanism in Tangle 2.0 is necessary for robustness against powerful adversaries. Moreover, the experimental results confirm that the protocol can achieve around","authors_text":"Andreas Penzkofer, Bing-Yang Lin, Daria Dziuba{\\l}towska, Piotr Macek, Sebastian M\\\"uller","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2022-08-17T12:19:21Z","title":"Robustness of the Tangle 2.0 Consensus"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2208.08254","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9fb8cd364477c775bb3ee8f014a8ebaa7619414264c7261d2bfb73029004bdd3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4af44237ef01abf16bd6f9c6bb60f11087c7585bb23da614ad7983059c3b5baf","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2022-08-17T12:19:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"99e5bb8cbd9bc95ae0ce203838a61fb4a36b87088ea3d109b5579214d1f465b9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2208.08254","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"bdd79c9a686be495c6a76d11b62f7e5028a1952fd00233e45483ba6550c56e80","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bdd79c9a686be495c6a76d11b62f7e5028a1952fd00233e45483ba6550c56e80","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11.394262Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11.394262Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"v/+UE47qYgdGhFxpWysWFso38P6DidQQ9cbuSbPD2MO5Jgd//J0tCWnUuod2LyzH0Zdco3eHQ0gDeNPdTxK6Cg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:11.394652Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2208.08254","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9fb8cd364477c775bb3ee8f014a8ebaa7619414264c7261d2bfb73029004bdd3","sha256:00f8cca4a4581e7c70364f76a41d10c3007913531e0f698e276ff228077d95d5"],"state_sha256":"ab97e5fc05f955cae00f9859c0ee8d59dad2c18754feb1b98a8756a1b89451d5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9ng3B5dV23kOKFO7j3A4Lpfl0vymCNUU3zarV6OIkJ/zxyMfT9OJ+VyDoPyBe71m3ZBUIked2PPF3tfD4Kl/BQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-13T10:56:05.124065Z","bundle_sha256":"f1cb50582a5e1474af1e9bbdb605e7c54b8c98de4e1c9fd8dad076f1ce7018ea"}}