{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:1995:XY25FQL6B6MP6SBF7A2T5YYFMT","short_pith_number":"pith:XY25FQL6","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"be35d2c17e0f98ff4825f8353ee30564c59041fefb29f3745276ceca6d30cf7a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"hep-ph/9503223","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Defect Production in Slow First Order Phase Transitions","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Alexander Vilenkin, Julian Borrill, Tanmay Vachaspati, T.W.B. Kibble","submitted_at":"1995-03-03T11:42:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the formation of vortices in a U(1) gauge theory following a first-order transition proceeding by bubble nucleation, in particular the effect of a low velocity of expansion of the bubble walls. To do this, we use a two-dimensional model in which bubbles are nucleated at random points in a plane and at random times and then expand at some velocity $v_{\\rm b}<c$. Within each bubble, the phase angle is assigned one of three discrete values. When bubbles collide, magnetic `fluxons' appear: if the phases are different, a fluxon--anti-fluxon pair is formed. These fluxons are eventually trap"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9503223","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1995-03-03T11:42:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"604e404a76a05c0914ea92d5a2b06513db5e87e3b55c59c5c095e0855c786b0d","abstract_canon_sha256":"66935477211882990ffee025cc78b79c9e654e2b26b6275d2521084237694732"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:38:06.063701Z","signature_b64":"IrKnFPDk/VJyIta7/gKKOddlIdCh5O76ZBiCzHLCcpxGVNoH6ADiIfGGEtYKji0AygJ5V/A+rY/uodgZpo7lCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"be35d2c17e0f98ff4825f8353ee30564c59041fefb29f3745276ceca6d30cf7a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:38:06.063183Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:38:06.063183Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Defect Production in Slow First Order Phase Transitions","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Alexander Vilenkin, Julian Borrill, Tanmay Vachaspati, T.W.B. Kibble","submitted_at":"1995-03-03T11:42:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the formation of vortices in a U(1) gauge theory following a first-order transition proceeding by bubble nucleation, in particular the effect of a low velocity of expansion of the bubble walls. To do this, we use a two-dimensional model in which bubbles are nucleated at random points in a plane and at random times and then expand at some velocity $v_{\\rm b}<c$. Within each bubble, the phase angle is assigned one of three discrete values. When bubbles collide, magnetic `fluxons' appear: if the phases are different, a fluxon--anti-fluxon pair is formed. These fluxons are eventually trap"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9503223","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-ph/9503223","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:38:06.063263+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-ph/9503223v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:38:06.063263+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9503223","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:38:06.063263+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XY25FQL6B6MP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47.700082+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XY25FQL6B6MP6SBF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47.700082+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XY25FQL6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47.700082+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":1,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.17216","citing_title":"Bubble dynamics and vortex formation in holographic first-order superfluid phase transitions","ref_index":49,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/XY25FQL6B6MP6SBF7A2T5YYFMT","json":"https://pith.science/pith/XY25FQL6B6MP6SBF7A2T5YYFMT.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XY25FQL6B6MP6SBF7A2T5YYFMT/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XY25FQL6B6MP6SBF7A2T5YYFMT/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/XY25FQL6"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/XY25FQL6B6MP6SBF7A2T5YYFMT","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/XY25FQL6B6MP6SBF7A2T5YYFMT.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/XY25FQL6","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=hep-ph/9503223&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XY25FQL6B6MP6SBF7A2T5YYFMT/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/XY25FQL6B6MP6SBF7A2T5YYFMT/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/XY25FQL6B6MP6SBF7A2T5YYFMT/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/XY25FQL6B6MP6SBF7A2T5YYFMT/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/XY25FQL6B6MP6SBF7A2T5YYFMT/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/XY25FQL6B6MP6SBF7A2T5YYFMT/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/XY25FQL6B6MP6SBF7A2T5YYFMT/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:38:06.063263+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T04:38:06.063263+00:00"}