{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1997:XYCAQ6FM24TCXLHCNBE3VFW6HT","short_pith_number":"pith:XYCAQ6FM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9704047","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-04-04T06:32:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fe734bf7532fd8d6b9eaacbe51531b499e868a5eb4c2434ece1b20f43511271e","abstract_canon_sha256":"f73e5f6fab62eab46aaa54a6c4b1b8c4db20f3cf0f2b514b1c873af5cc5fbd86"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"be040878acd7262bace26849ba96de3cd723aad4b0b4a8c8686c30ce2d17eab4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9704047","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9704047","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9704047v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9704047","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XYCAQ6FM24TC","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XYCAQ6FM24TCXLHC","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XYCAQ6FM","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1997:XYCAQ6FM24TCXLHCNBE3VFW6HT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9704047","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-04-04T06:32:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fe734bf7532fd8d6b9eaacbe51531b499e868a5eb4c2434ece1b20f43511271e","abstract_canon_sha256":"f73e5f6fab62eab46aaa54a6c4b1b8c4db20f3cf0f2b514b1c873af5cc5fbd86"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"be040878acd7262bace26849ba96de3cd723aad4b0b4a8c8686c30ce2d17eab4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38.961370Z","signature_b64":"hhl4M1/Qw7vkmRdI0nrfYbdji7d4RCaH3lz/Af3BXjX0L1ixXIbF07OkFGhqgTyhC0DI0RSV/GAqoREQ1qU0BQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"be040878acd7262bace26849ba96de3cd723aad4b0b4a8c8686c30ce2d17eab4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38.960926Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38.960926Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9704047","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kep/lUheURdZwxuSD+lbWAvKH026zv0NrRFPV41iWZCAo+lCrmUX8B3QPoInQ+ZsmQoeqExy/+z/M6tqZ5I9Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T07:33:15.827187Z"},"content_sha256":"8858fc7de3eb7caee62d7895efef1b6a56979e5c9f5c9304e04907c2208d9301","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8858fc7de3eb7caee62d7895efef1b6a56979e5c9f5c9304e04907c2208d9301"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1997:XYCAQ6FM24TCXLHCNBE3VFW6HT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Global structure and formation of polar-ring galaxies","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"N.Sotnikova (AI SPbSU), V.Reshetnikov","submitted_at":"1997-04-04T06:32:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present an analysis of structural features of all known galaxies with optical polar rings. We find a clear dichotomy for objects of this peculiar class. Bulge-dominated S0 galaxies possess only short narrow rings, while disk-dominated objects always have wide extended polar rings. We try by gas dynamical simulations to explain such a segregation by dependence of the ring-forming process on different galaxy potentials. It is found that the total mass captured into the ring during an encounter of a host-ring system with a gas-rich spiral galaxy of comparable mass exceeds 10^9 M_{\\odot} (or ab"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9704047","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/9704047/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JSQ0NiyJ765852n36kPQ8r1wbupdnI2kou4zRgdp/7HYaiSc+gB9t4XDWGKdCKoCEni9KL9lscvzE74BcI/oAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T07:33:15.828100Z"},"content_sha256":"1d9fd7e291153b7b4bd02f59653ef5a694f0dacc197357abe12e8802c52bfe77","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1d9fd7e291153b7b4bd02f59653ef5a694f0dacc197357abe12e8802c52bfe77"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XYCAQ6FM24TCXLHCNBE3VFW6HT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XYCAQ6FM24TCXLHCNBE3VFW6HT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XYCAQ6FM24TCXLHCNBE3VFW6HT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-13T07:33:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XYCAQ6FM24TCXLHCNBE3VFW6HT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XYCAQ6FM24TCXLHCNBE3VFW6HT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XYCAQ6FM24TCXLHCNBE3VFW6HT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XYCAQ6FM24TCXLHCNBE3VFW6HT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1997:XYCAQ6FM24TCXLHCNBE3VFW6HT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f73e5f6fab62eab46aaa54a6c4b1b8c4db20f3cf0f2b514b1c873af5cc5fbd86","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-04-04T06:32:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"fe734bf7532fd8d6b9eaacbe51531b499e868a5eb4c2434ece1b20f43511271e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9704047","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9704047","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9704047v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9704047","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XYCAQ6FM24TC","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XYCAQ6FM24TCXLHC","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XYCAQ6FM","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1d9fd7e291153b7b4bd02f59653ef5a694f0dacc197357abe12e8802c52bfe77","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/9704047/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present an analysis of structural features of all known galaxies with optical polar rings. We find a clear dichotomy for objects of this peculiar class. Bulge-dominated S0 galaxies possess only short narrow rings, while disk-dominated objects always have wide extended polar rings. We try by gas dynamical simulations to explain such a segregation by dependence of the ring-forming process on different galaxy potentials. It is found that the total mass captured into the ring during an encounter of a host-ring system with a gas-rich spiral galaxy of comparable mass exceeds 10^9 M_{\\odot} (or ab","authors_text":"N.Sotnikova (AI SPbSU), V.Reshetnikov","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-04-04T06:32:00Z","title":"Global structure and formation of polar-ring galaxies"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9704047","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8858fc7de3eb7caee62d7895efef1b6a56979e5c9f5c9304e04907c2208d9301","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f73e5f6fab62eab46aaa54a6c4b1b8c4db20f3cf0f2b514b1c873af5cc5fbd86","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-04-04T06:32:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"fe734bf7532fd8d6b9eaacbe51531b499e868a5eb4c2434ece1b20f43511271e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9704047","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"be040878acd7262bace26849ba96de3cd723aad4b0b4a8c8686c30ce2d17eab4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"be040878acd7262bace26849ba96de3cd723aad4b0b4a8c8686c30ce2d17eab4","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38.960926Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38.960926Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"hhl4M1/Qw7vkmRdI0nrfYbdji7d4RCaH3lz/Af3BXjX0L1ixXIbF07OkFGhqgTyhC0DI0RSV/GAqoREQ1qU0BQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:50:38.961370Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9704047","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8858fc7de3eb7caee62d7895efef1b6a56979e5c9f5c9304e04907c2208d9301","sha256:1d9fd7e291153b7b4bd02f59653ef5a694f0dacc197357abe12e8802c52bfe77"],"state_sha256":"1798b9aaaba565e5478559de55edf2e2b4d5ae4559cc9796a310ea8f2ba21938"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6nraqDgXAQdyz2VNXQXRfKRmP61DOSIrabjcVcwv3Lsc45fP9HH7LLGOkzAIgjT+w8UUkF4VXqqdrhAWVFpKDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T07:33:15.904138Z","bundle_sha256":"eba688f520653dcbb8b34f84be9392e90f09a1bc99a44b88d1a629bbaca304b4"}}